Process for producing fused imidazole compound, reformatsky reagent in stable form, and process for producing the same

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides an industrially advantageous process for producing a steroid C 17,20  lyase inhibitor represented by the general formula (I):  
                 
and a Reformatsky reagent in a stable form suitable for the process.  
     In the present invention, a compound represented by the general formula (I) is produced by reducing a specific β-hydroxy ester compound derivative or a salt thereof obtained from a specific carbonyl compound in a Reformatsky reaction in the presence of a metal hydride complex and a metal halide, and then subjecting it to a ring-closing reaction. In the above Reformatsky reaction, it is useful to use a stable solution of a compound represented by the general formula BrZnCH 2 COOC 2 H 5  or a crystal of the compound which is represented by the formula (BrZnCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 .THF) 2 .

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a fused imidazole compound useful as asteroid C_(17,20) lyase inhibitor, and to an industrially advantageouseprocess for producing an intermediate thereof.

In addition, the present invention relates to a Reformatsky reagent in astable form and to a process for producing such a Reformatsky reagent ata high reproducibility. More specifically, the Reformatsky reagentaccording to the present invention includes a stable solution of theReformatsky reagent and a crystal thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prior Art

Androgen and estrogen, which are sex hormones, have variousphysiological activities such as cell differentiation, cellproliferation and the like. On the other hand, it has been understoodthat androgen and estrogen act as a provocation factor in certaindiseases. It is known that a steroid C_(17,20) lyase involves in a finalstage of an in vivo biosynthesis of androgen. More specifically, asteroid C_(17,20) lyase produces dehydroepiandrosterone andandrostendione from 17-hydoxypregnenolone and 17-hyodroxyprogesterone assubstrates, which are derived from cholesterols. Therefore, a druginhibiting a steroid C_(17,20) lyase suppresses production of androgenand production of estrogen produced from androgen as a substrate, and isuseful as a pharmaceutical compound preventing or treating diseases inwhich androgen or estrogen is a provocation factor. Examples of thediseases in which androgen or estrogen is a provocation factor include,but limited to, prostate cancer, prostatemegaly, virilization,hypertrichosis, male pattern baldness, male precocious puberty, breastcancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, mastopathy, myometrisis,endmetriosis, adenomyosis uteri, polycystic ovary syndrome, and thelike.

A compound represented by the following general formula (Iz):

wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, Ar is an aromatic ring which may havea substituent, and a salt thereof are highly safe, and are useful as anexcellent steroid C_(17,20) lyase inhibitor. Especially, useful is thecompound represented by the general formula (Iz) wherein Ar is asubstituent represented by the following general formula:

wherein m1 is an integer of 1 to 4, m2 is an integer of 0 to 3, R¹ andR² are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, ahydroxy group which may have a substituent, a thiol group which may havea substituent, an amino group which may have a substituent, an acylgroup, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent; a substituent represented by the following general formula:

wherein m3 is an integer of 1 to 5, m4 is an integer of 0 to 4, R³ andR⁴ are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, ahydroxy group which may have a substituent, a thiol group which may havea substituent, an amino group which may have a substituent, an acylgroup, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent; or a substituent represented by the following generalformula:

wherein m5 is an integer of 1 to 4, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxygroup which may have a substituent, a thiol group which may have asubstituent, an amino group which may have a substituent, an acyl group,a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, andwherein either of (1) R¹ or R², (2) R³ or R⁴, or (3) R⁵ is a substitutedor unsubstituted amide group.

As a process for reducing carboxylic acid ester into alcohol by usingsodium borohydride, the following techniques have been known in the art:(1) a process comprising reducing an ester with tetrahydrofuran oralcohol in the presence of sodium borohydride and calcium chloride(Nature, 1955, 175, 346; Org. Pro. Res. & Develp., 2001, 5, 122-126;JP-A 2000-239202), (2) a process comprising adding dropwise methanol toa solution of ester in t-butanol (Synthetic Com., 1982, 12, 463-467;Yuki Goseikagaku (Organic Synthesis Chemistry), 1987, 45, 1148), (3) aprocess comprising reducing an ester with tetrahydrofuran in thepresence of sodium borohydride, zinc chloride and tertiary amine, andthe like.

The Reformatsky reaction is a useful reaction in synthesizing β-hydroxyacid and its derivatives, and is reviewed in Organic Reactions, 1975,22, 423; Synthesis, 1989, 571; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1993, 32, 164;Aldrichimica Acta, 2000, 33, 52 and the like.

According to the Reformatsky reaction, α-bromoester may be reacted witha carbonyl compound such as aldehyde and ketone in the presence of zincmetal to form β-hydroxy ester, which is then hydrolyzed to form acorresponding β-hydroxy acid. Upon adequately selecting ester orcarbonyl compound as a starting material, a wide variety of complicatedβ-hydroxy ester and β-hydroxy acid can be produced.

Moreover, the Reformatsky reaction is aggressively applied to a field ofasymmetric syntheses in recent years. Therefore, it goes without sayingthat the Reformatsky reaction becomes more useful in the near future.

As a reagent used in the Reformatsky reaction (Reformatsky reagent),ethyl bromozincacetate obtained by reacting zinc with ethyl bromoacetateis well known. In particular, a preparation of ethyl bromozincacetate isdescribed in detail in Monatshefte für Chemie, 1953, 910; J. Org. Chem.,1987, 52, 4796; Organometallics, 1984, 3, 1403; Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr.,1969, 2471 and the like.

References

-   1: JP-A 2000-239202-   2: JP-A 302287/1999-   3: Nature, 1955, 175, 346-   4: Org. Pro. Res. & Develp., 2001, 5, 122-126-   5: Synthetic Com., 1982, 12, 463-467-   6: Yuki Goseikagaku (Organic Synthesis Chemistry), 1987, 45, 1148-   7: Organic Reactions, 1975, 22, 423-   8: Synthesis, 1989, 571-   9: Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1993, 32, 164-   10: Aldrichimica Acta, 2000, 33, 52-   11: J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 4796-   12: Organometallics, 1984, 3, 1403-   13: Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1969, 2471-   14: Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 1995, 2402-   15: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 553-   16: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 239-   17: J. Med. Chem., 1977, 20, 721-   18: Monatshefte für Chemie, 1953, 910-   19: Tetrahedron Lett., 1982, 3945-   20: Tetrahedron, 1984, 2787    The Problems to be Solved by the Invention

To date, a process has not been developed, which industrially satisfiesproduction of a compound represented by the general formula (I), andthere is a need to early develop the steroid C_(17,20) lyase inhibitorrepresented by the general formula (I) as a useful pharmaceuticals.Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a steroidC_(17,20) lyase inhibitor and a process which is industriallyadvantageous for producing an intermediate of the above inhibitor.

Further, the present inventors made a detailed research on the prior artto obtain ethyl bromozincacetate which is most common among Reformatskyreagents.

For example, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1969, 2471 describes that a reactionin synthesizing a Reformatsky reagent proceeds quantitatively under theconditions where absolute methylal which is free of alcohol is used as asolvent and a reaction temperature is maintained at 40° C. or above.Although methylal is considered as a preferable solvent-in the article,it is not industrially preferable from the following reasons: methylalis unstable under acidic conditions; extremely pure methylal isrequired; methylal decomposes to form formaldehyde which is highlyreactive and is considered as a cancer-causing substance; and the like.In addition, this article describes that a yield of an ethylbromozincacetate derivative is low when it is prepared intetrahydrofuran.

Monatshefte für Chemie, 1953, 910 describes a use of diethyl ether whichis industrially disadvantageous, and a step for adding methylmagnesiumiodide to a mixture of bromoacetate and zinc and heating it. However,since such a process probably causes bumping, scaling-up is verydifficult. In many other reports other than relatively recent ones,Reformatsky reagents are prepared by using methylal or diethyl etherunder the similar conditions.

Then, the present inventors tried to prepare ethyl bromozincacetateaccording to the procedures described in the above references by usingtetrahydrofuran which is common in preparing Grignard reagents. However,ethyl bromozincacetate could not be reproducibly prepared because thereaction did not initiate or initiated steeply, or yielding wasextremely low. Low reproducibility in initiating reactions and steepinitiation of reaction are unpleasant in industry processes.

It is generally reported that good preparation results are obtained bycleaning zinc prior to a Reformatsky reaction or a synthesis of aReformatsky reagent. In the present inventor's work, industrialpreferable reproducibility could not be obtained even when zinc wascleaned.

From the above results, it is recognized that a reproducible andindustrially advantageous process for producing a Reformatsky reagent isrequired and the resulting Reformatsky reagent is required to havestability sufficient to stand practical use.

In this context, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 1995,2402 describes that ethyl bromozincacetate presented for a few days indiethyl ether at low temperatures.

Tetrahedron Lett., 1982, 3945 and Tetrahedron, 1984, 2787 report thattert-butyl bromozincacetate could be isolated as a crystal, but ethylbromozincacetate could not be crystallized.

In addition, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 553 andOrganometallics, 1984, 3, 1403 report that a tert-butylbromozincacetate-THF binuclear complex (BrZnCH₂COOtBu.THF)₂ could beisolated as a crystal, but ethyl bromozincacetate could not becrystallized.

In this context, since reaction products obtained from ethylbromozincacetate and carbonyl compounds and the like are different fromthose obtained from tert-butyl bromozincacetate in steric hindrance andstability, it is understood that they may exhibit different reactivitieseach other in the subsequent derivation reactions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors have made every effort to study a process forproducing a compound represented by the general formula (I) to find thatsurprisingly carboxylic acid ester can be selectively reduced-withoutside effect occurrence by using a metal hydride complex and a metalhalide compound. Consequently, the present invention has beenaccomplished based on the above findings.

More specifically, the present invention relates to(1) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (II′):

wherein R is an ester residue, R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, Y is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, a ring B is anitrogen-containing ring which may have a substituent, n is an integerof 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprises reducing a compoundrepresented by the general formula (III′):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof;(2) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (II):

wherein R is an ester residue, R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different and independently,ahydrogen atom or a substituent, a ring B is a nitrogen-containing ringwhich may have a substituent, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a saltthereof, which comprises reducing in the presence of a metal hydridecomplex and a metal halide compound a compound represented by thegeneral formula (III):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof;(3) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (I):

wherein R is an ester residue, R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different and independently, ahydrogen atom or a substituent, a ring B is a nitrogen-containing ringwhich may have a substituent, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a saltthereof, which comprises obtaining a compound represented by the generalformula (II):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (III):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (II) to aring-closing reaction;(4) The process according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the ring Bis a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent and one to threeheteroatoms arbitrarily selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom andan oxygen atom other than the nitrogen atom indicated in the formula;(5) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (IIa):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound;(6) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (Ia):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IIa):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIIa):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IIa) to aring-closing reaction;(7) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (IIb):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula (IIIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound;(8) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (Ib):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IIb) to aring-closing reaction;(9) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (IIc):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula (IIIc):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound;(10) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (Ic)

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IIc):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIIc):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IIc) to aring-closing reaction;(11) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (IId):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula (IIId):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound;(12) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (Id):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R^(b) is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IId):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIId):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IId) to aring-closing reaction;(13) The process according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein Y, Y¹ andR are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups;(14) The process according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the metalhydride complex is an alkali metal hydride complex;(15) The process according to (14), wherein the alkali metal hydridecomplex is sodium borohydride;(16) The process according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the metalhalide is a calcium halide;(17) The process according to (16), wherein the calcium halide iscalcium chloride;(18) The process according to (1) or (2), wherein ether and alcohol areused as solvent in a reduction reaction;(19) The process according to (18), which comprises adding alcohol to areaction system in ether as a solvent;(20) The process according to (18) or (19), wherein the ether is acyclic ether and the alcohol is C_(1˜6) alcohol;(21) The process according to (20), wherein the cyclic ether istetrahydrofuran and the C_(1˜6) alcohol is ethanol or methanol;(22) A process for producing a primary alcohol, which comprisesselectively reducing (i) an esterified carboxyl group and (ii) anesterified carboxy group of a compound having an N-unsubstituted amidogroup or an N-monosubstituted amido group in an ether-alcohol solvent inthe presence of metal hydride complex and a calcium halide;(23) The process according to (22), which comprises adding alcohol to areaction system in ether as a solvent;(24) The process according to (22), wherein the metal hydride complex isan alkali metal hydride complex;(25) The process according to (22), wherein the calcium halide iscalcium chloride; and(26) The process according to (22), wherein the metal hydride complex issodium borohydride, the calcium halide is calcium chloride, the ether istetrahydrofuran and the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.

Further, the present invention relates to

(27) A crystal of ethyl bromozincacetate to which tetrahydrofuran (THF)coordinates;

(28) The crystal of the compound according to (27), wherein a decreasein titer is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, and more preferablyless than 5% two months after its production;

(29) The crystal of the compound according to (27), which is representedby a formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂;

(30) The crystal of the compound according to (27), which has peaks at2983, 2897, 1589, 1446, 1371, 1286, 1070, 1022, 858 and 769 (cm⁻¹) byIR;

(31) The Crystal of the Compound According to (27), which has aStructure Determined by an X-Ray Crystallography:

wherein the bond length of Br(1)-Zn(2) is 2.334 Å, the bond length ofZn(2)-C(3) is 1.996 Å, the bond length of Zn(2)-O(5) is 2.029 Å, thebond length of Zn(2)-O(9) is 2.049 Å, the bond length of C(3)-C(4) is1.21 Å, the bond length of C(4)-O(5) is 1.47 Å, the bond length ofC(4)-O(6) is 1.33 Å, the bond length of O(6)-C(7) is 1.46 Å, the bondlength of C(7)-C(8) is 1.41 Å, the bond length of O(9)-C(10) is 1.42 Å,the bond length of C(9)-C(13) is 1.42 Å, the bond length of C(10)-C(11)is 1.49 Å, the bond length of C(11)-C(12) is 1.37 Å, and the bond lengthof C(12)-C(13) is 1.42 Å; and the bond angle of Br(1)-Zn(2)-C(3) is112.4°, the bond angle of Br(1)-Zn(2)-O(5) is 122.5°, the bond angle ofBr(1)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 105.0°, the bond angle of C(3)-Zn(2)-O(5) is 109.9°,the bond angle of C(3)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 91.3°, the bond angle ofO(5)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 111.2°, the bond angle of Zn(2)-C(3)-C(4) is 129.6°,the bond angle of C(3)-C(4)-O(5) is 125°, the bond angle ofC(3)-C(4)-O(6) is 120.6°, the bond angle of O(5)-C(4)-O(6) is 113°, thebond angle of Zn(2)-O(5)-C(4) is 108.1°, the bond angle ofC(4)-O(6)-C(7) is 116°, the bond angle of O(6)-C(7)-C(8) is 111°, thebond angle of Zn(2)-O(9)-C(10) is 122.6°, the bond angle ofZn(2)-O(9)-C(13) is 122.8°, the bond angle of C(10)-O(9)-C(13) is109.7°, the bond angle of O(9)-C(10)-C(11) is 104°, the bond angle ofC(10)-C(11)-C(12) is 108°, the bond angle of C(11)-C(12)-C(13) is 109°,and the bond angle of O(9)-C(13)-C(12) is 106°;(32) A process for producing a crystal of a compound represented by aformula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂, which comprises reacting a compoundrepresented by a formula BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ and tetrahydrofuran (THF);(33) The process according to (32), which comprises dissolving acompound represented by a formula BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in tetrahydrofuran(THF), and forming a crystal of the compound represented by a formula(BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂;(34) The process according to (32), which comprises dissolving acompound represented by a formula BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in 1,2-dimethoxyethaneor cyclopentyl methyl ether, adding tetrahydrofuran (THF) to theresulting solution, and forming a crystal of the compound represented bya formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂;(35) The process according to (32), which comprises reacting thecompound represented by a formula BrCH₂COOC₂H₅ and an excess amount ofzinc relative to the compound represented by a formula BrCH₂COOC₂H₅ in asolvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane and cyclopentyl methyl ether or a mixed solvent inany combination of two or more of them in the presence of an activatingagent, adding THF to the resulting solution, and forming a crystal ofthe compound represented by a formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂;(36) A crystal of a compound obtained by the process according to (32);(37) A Process for Producing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (V):

wherein X¹ is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and

R¹¹ and R¹² are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogenatom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, analicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclicgroup which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ is an ester residue; or

R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, anaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromaticheterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R¹⁰ and R¹², takentogether with the atom to which they are bonded, form a lactone ringwhich may have a substituent, which comprises reacting a compoundrepresented by the general formula (IV):

wherein X¹, R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are the same as defined above with zinc ina solvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane, cyclopentyl methyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, or ina mixed solvent in any combination of two or more of them in thepresence of an activating agent, wherein zinc exists in an excess amountrelative to the compound represented by the general formula (IV);(38) The process according to (37), wherein zinc exists in an amountmore than 1 gram atom and 50 gram atoms or less relative to one moleamount of the compound represented by the general formula (IV);(39) The process according to (37), wherein R¹⁰ is a methyl group or anethyl group;(40) The process according to (37), wherein the solvent is cyclopentylmethyl ether;(41) The process according to (37), wherein the solvent istetarahydrofuran;(42) The process according to (37), wherein the activating agent isselected from halogen, copper halide, silver halide,1,2-dihalogenethane, halogen alkylsilane and molecular sieves, whereinhalogen is chloride, bromide or iodide;(43) The process according to (42), wherein the activating agent ishalogen alkylsilane;(44) The process according to (43), wherein the activating agent ischlorotrimethylsilane;(45) A Solution of a Compound Represented by the General Formula (V):

wherein X¹ is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and

R¹¹ and R¹² are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogenatom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, analicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclicgroup which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ is an ester residue; or

R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, anaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromaticheterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R¹⁰ and R¹², takentogether with the atom to which they are bonded, form a lactone ringwhich may have a substituent, in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentylmethyl ether;

(46) A solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane orcyclopentyl methyl ether;

(47) A Process for Stabilizing a Compound Represented by the GeneralFormula (V):

wherein X¹ is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and

R¹¹ and R¹² are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogenatom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, analicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclicgroup which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ is an ester residue; or

R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, anaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromaticheterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R¹⁰ and R¹², takentogether with the atom to which they are bonded, form a lactone ringwhich may have a substituent, by using 1,2-dimethoxyethane orcyclopentyl methyl ether; and

(48) Use of a crystal of the compound according to (27) in a step ofproducing a compound by a Reformatsky reaction, and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an X-ray crystal structure for a crystal of aReformatsky reagent according to the present invention((BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

For the ester residue represented by R, any residue generally used inorganic syntheses may be used without any limitation as far as forming acarboxylic acid or an ester. For example, a substituted or unsubstitutedC_(1˜8) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, iodoethyl, propyl, isopropyl,butyl, isobutyl, methanesulfonylethyl, trichloroethyl, t-butyl and thelike; C_(2˜8) alkoxyalkyl such as methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl,methylthioethyl and the like; C_(4˜8) 2-oxacycloalkyl such astetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl and the like; C_(3˜8) alkenyl suchas propenyl, allyl, prenyl, hexenyl, phenylpropenyl, dimethylhexenyl andthe like; C_(6˜12) aryl such as phenyl, tolyl, diisopropylphenyl, xylyl,trichlorophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, indanyl and the like; C_(7˜19)aralkyl such as benzyl, methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl,ethoxybenzyl, nitrobenzyl, aminobienzyl, diphenylmethyl, phenylethyl,trityl, di-t-butylhydroxybenzyl, phthalidyl, phenacyl and the like;C_(2˜15) alkanoyloxyalkyl such as acetoxymethyl, acetoxyethyl,propionyloxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, pivaloyloxyethyl,cyclohexaneacetoxyethyl, cyclohexanecarbonyloxycyclohexylmethyl and thelike; C_(3˜15) alkoxycarbonyloxy alkyl such as ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl,isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl, isopropoxycarbonyloxypropyl,t-butoxycarbonyloxyethyl, isopentyloxycarbonyloxypropyl,cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxyethyl, cyclohexylmethoxycarobonyloxyethyl,bornyloxycarbonyloxyisopropyl and the like; and the like may be used.Preferably, C_(1˜8) alkyl is used.

For the aromatic hydrocarbon group in “the aromatic hydrocarbon groupwhich may have a substituent” represented by Ar, monocyclic or fusedpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the like are used, and aC_(6˜14) aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably used. Specifically,for example, a C_(6˜14) aromatic hydrocarbon group such as phenyl,naphthyl anthryl, azulenyl, phenanthryl, phenalenyl, fluorenyl,indacenyl, biphenylenylhaptalenyl, acenaphthylenyl and the like arepreferable. Preferably, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl are used, and morepreferably, benzene, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and the like are used.

The nitrogen-containing ring in “the nitrogen-containing ring which mayhave a substituent” represented by a ring B means a ring having at leastone nitrogen atom as an atom constituting the ring (an atom on thering). The ring may contain one to three kinds of heteroatomsarbitrarily selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atomand the like other than carbon atoms.

Specifically, examples of the nitrogen-containing ring include a 5- or6-membered monocyclic nitrogen-containing ring such as pyrrole,pyrroline, pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, thiazolidine,oxazolidine, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, piperidine, piperazine,morpholine, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2-imidazole,1,3-imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole,1,3,4-oxadiazole, furazan, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole,1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, pyridine,pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine and the like; and a 8- to12-membered fused polycyclic nitrogen-containing ring such as indoline,isoindoline, 1H-indazole, benzindazole, benzoxazole, 1,2-benzisoxazole,benzothiazole, 1,2-benzisothiazole, 1H-benzotriazole, quinoline,isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine,naphthilizine, purine, pteridine, carbazole, α-carboline, β-carboline,γ-carboline, acridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, phenazine,phenanthridine, phenanthroline, indolizine, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pylidazine,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine,imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine,1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine and thelike may be used. Preferably, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclicnitrogen-containing ring.

For the aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by Y, Y¹ and R, forexample, an aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group and an alicyclichydrocarbon group and the like may be used.

Examples of the aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group representing analiphatic hydrocarbon include a linear- or branched-chain aliphatichydrocarbon such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl groupand the like.

The alkyl group used in the present invention includes, for example, aC_(1˜10) alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl,neopentyl, 1-methylpropyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl,2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, 2-ethylbutyl,n-heptyl, 1-methyheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, nonyland the like. Preferably, a C_(1˜6) alkyl group is used.

The alkenyl group used in the present invention includes, for example, aC_(2˜6) alkenyl group such as vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 2-methylallyl,1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl,2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl,2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl,2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl and the like.

The alkynyl group used in the present invention includes, for example, aC_(2˜6) alkynyl group such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl,1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl,4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl andthe like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group representing an aliphatichydrocarbon include a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbongroup such as a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, acycloalkanedienyl group and the like.

The cycloalkyl group used in the present invention includes, forexample, a C_(3˜9) cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and thelike.

The cycloalkenyl group used in the present invention includes, forexample, a C_(3˜6) cycloalkenyl group such as 2-cyclopenten-1-yl,3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl,1-cyclobuten-1-yl, 1-cyclopenten-1-yl and the like.

The cycloalkanedienyl group used in the present invention includes, forexample, a C_(4˜6) cycloalkanedienyl group such as2,4-cyclopentanedien-1-yl, 2,4-cyclohexanedien-1-yl,2,5-cyclohexanedien-1-yl and the like.

The substituent from the aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent represented by Ar and the substituent from thenitrogen-containing ring which may have a substituent represented by thering B are the same or different, and may be protected by a conventionalorganic synthesize method, and they are not limited in any manner as faras they do not affect a reaction. Examples of the substituent include(i) an alkyl group which may be substituted; (ii) an alkenyl group whichmay be substituted; (iii) an alkynyl group which may be substituted;(iv) an aryl group which may be substituted; (v) an aralkyl group whichmay be substituted; (vi) a cycloalkyl group which may be substituted;(vii) a cycloalkenyl group which may be substituted; (viii) aheterocyclic group which may be substituted; (ix) an amino group whichmay be substituted; (x) an imidoyl group (e.g., a group represented by aformula —C(U′)═N-U, wherein U and U′ are a hydrogen atom or asubstituent. Preferably, U is a hydrogen atom.); (xi) an amidino groupwhich may be substituted (e.g., a group represented by a formula—C(NT′T″)═N-T, wherein T, T′ and T″ are a hydrogen atom or asubstituent. Preferably, T is a hydrogen atom.); (xii) a hydroxy groupwhich may be substituted; (xiii) a thiol group which may be substituted;(xiv) an alkylsulfinyl group; (xv) acarboxylic group which may beesterified or amidated; (xvi) a thiocarbamoyl group which may besubstituted; (xvii) a sulfamoyl group which may be substituted; (xviii)a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.Chlorine, bromine and the like are preferable.); (xix) a cyano group;(xx) an isocyano group; (xxi) a cyanato group; (xxii) an isocyanatogroup; (xxiii) a thiocyanato group; (xxiv) an isothiocyanato group;(xxv) a nitro group; (xxvi) a nitroso group; (xxvii) an acyl group fromsulfonic acid; (xxviii) an acyl group from carboxylic acid; (xxix) anoxo group; and the like. Any of these substituents may have one to five,preferably one to three substituents at positions capable of beingsubstituted.

For the alkyl group in “the alkyl group which may be substituted” as thesubstituent, for example, C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-methylpropyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl,1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl,3,3-dimethylpropyl and the like may be used. The substituent of thealkyl group used in the present invention includes, for example, a loweralkoxyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy andthe like), a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine andthe like), a lower alkyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl,ethyl, propyl and the like), a lower alkenyl group (e.g., C_(2˜6)alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl and the like), a lower alkynyl group (e.g.,C_(2˜6) alkynyl such as ethynyl, propargyl and the like), an amino groupwhich may be substituted, a hydroxy group which may be substituted, acyano group, an amidino group which may be substituted, a carboxylgroup, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl suchas methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and the like), a carbamoyl groupwhich may be substituted (e.g., a carbamoyl group which may besubstituted with a C_(1˜6) alkyl group or an acyl group which may besubstituted with a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclicgroup such as pyridinyl and the like (e.g., formyl, C_(2˜6) alkanoyl,benzoyl, C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl which may be halogenated, C_(1˜6)alkylsulfonyl which may be halogenated, benzenesulfonyl and the like),1-azetidinylcarbonyl, 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl,morpholinocarbonyl, 1-piperazinylcarbonyl and the like). Any of thesesubstituents may have one to three substituents at positions capable ofbeing substituted.

For “the amino group which may be substituted”, “the hydroxy group whichmay be substituted”, and “the amidino group which may be substituted” asa substituent for “the alkyl group which may be substituted”, a groupsimilar to “the amino group which may be substituted”, “the hydroxygroup which may be substituted”, and “the amidino group which may besubstituted” as a substituent for “the aromatic homocyclic orheterocyclic group which may be substituted” which will be mentionedbelow may be used.

For the alkenyl group in “the alkenyl group which may be substituted” asthe above substituent, for example, C_(2˜6) alkenyl such as vinyl,allyl, isopropenyl, 2-methyl allyl, 1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl,1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl,3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl,4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl,5-hexenyl and the like may be used. For the substituent in the alkenylgroup, a group similar to a substituent in “the alkyl group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent may be used at a similar number.

For the alkynyl group in “the alkynyl group which may be substituted” asthe above substituent, for example, C_(2˜6) alkynyl such as ethynyl,1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl,2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl,4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl and the like may be used. For the substituent inthe alkynyl group, a group similar to a substituent in “the alkyl groupwhich may be substituted” as the above substituent may be used at asimilar number.

For the aryl group in “the aryl group which may be substituted” as theabove substituent, for example, C_(6˜14) aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl,anthryl, phenanthryl, acenaphthyrenyl and the like may be used. For thesubstituent in the aryl group, a group similar to a substituent in “thealkyl group which may be substituted” as the above substituent may beused at a similar number.

For the aralkyl group in “the aralkyl group which may be substituted” asthe above substituent, for example, C_(7˜11) aralkyl such as benzyl,phenethyl, naphthylmethyl and the like may be used. For the substituentin the aralkyl group, a group similar to a substituent in “the alkylgroup which may be substituted” as the above substituent may be used ata similar number.

For the cycloalkyl group in “the cycloalkyl group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent, for example, C_(3˜7) cycloalkylsuch as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyland the like may be used. For the substituent in “the cycloalkyl group”,a group similar to the substituent in “the alkyl group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent may be used at a similar number.

For the cycloalkenyl group in “the cycloalkenyl group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent, for example, C_(3˜7) cycloalkenylsuch as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and thelike. For the substituent in the cycloalkenyl group, a group similar tothe substituent in “the alkyl group which may be substituted” as theabove substituent may be used at a similar number.

For the heterocyclic group in “the heterocyclic group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent, for example, an aromaticheterocyclic group, a saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclicgroup (an aliphatic heterocyclic group) and the like having one to threekinds (pareferably one to two kinds) of at least one (preferably one tofour, and more preferably one to two) heteroatoms arbitrarily selectedfrom an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom and the like as anatom constituting the ring (an atom on the ring); may be used.

For “the aromatic heterocyclic group”, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclicaromatic heterocyclic group such as furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, furazanyl,1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl,1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and the like; and a 8- to 12-memberedfused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group such as benzofuranyl,isobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 1H-indazolyl,benzindazolyl, benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl,benzopyranyl, 1,2-benzisothiazolyl, 1H-benzotriazolyl, quinolyl,isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl,naphthyridinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, α-carbolinyl,β-carbolinyl, γ-carbolinyl, acridinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl,phenazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, thianthrenyl, phenanthridinyl,phenanthrolinyl, indolizinyl, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl,imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl,1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl and thelike (preferably, a heterocyclic group in which the above 5- or6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups is fused with abenzene ring or a heterocyclic group in which two heterocyclic rings ofthe same or different ones from the above 5- or 6-membered monocyclicaromatic heterocyclic group are fused, more preferably, a heterocyclicgroup in which the above 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromaticheterocyclic group is fused with a benzene ring, and most preferably,benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, benzo[b]thienyl and the like) may be used.

For “the non-aromatic heterocyclic group”, a 3- to 8-membered(preferably, a 5- to 6-membered) saturated or unsaturated (preferablysaturated) non-aromatic heterocyclic group (an aliphatic heterocyclicgroup) such as oxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl,tetrahydrofuryl, thioranyl, piperidyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl,thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl and the like; or a non-aromaticheterocyclic group in which a part or all of double bonds in the abovemonocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group or fused polycyclic aromaticheterocyclic group are saturated, such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl and the like may be used.

For the substituent in “the heterocyclic group which may be substituted”as the substituted, a lower alkyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such asmethyl, ethyl, propyl and the like), a lower alkenyl group (e.g.,C_(2˜6) alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl and the like), a lower alkynylgroup (e.g., C_(2˜6) alkynyl such as ethynyl, propargyl and the like),an acyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkanoyl such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl,pivaloyl and the like; benzoyl and the like), an amino group which maybe substituted, a hydroxy group which may be substituted, a halogen atom(e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like, preferablychlorine, bromine and the like), an imidoyl group which may besubstituted, an amidino group which may be substituted and the like maybe used. Any of these substituents may have one to five, preferably oneto three substituents at positions capable of being substituted.

For “the amino group which may be substituted”, “the hydroxy group whichmay be substituted”, “the imidoyl group which may be substituted”, and“the amidino group which may be substituted” in “the heterocyclic groupwhich may be substituted” as the above substituent, a group similar to“the amino group which may be substituted”, “the hydroxy group which maybe substituted”, “the imidoyl group which may be substituted”, and “theamidino group which may be substituted” as the substituent in anaromatic allocyclic or heterocyclic group which may be substituted”which will be mentioned below may be used.

For the substituent in “the amino group which may be substituted”, “theimidoyl group which may be substituted”, “the amidino group which may besubstituted”, “the hydroxy group which may be substituted”, and “thethiol group which may be substituted” as the above substituent, forexample, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine andthe like); C_(1˜6) alkoxy which may be halogenated (e.g., methoxy,ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, trichloromethoxy,2,2,2-trichloroethoxy and the like); and a lower alkyl group (e.g.,C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like) which may be substituted with asubstituent selected from a C_(7˜11) alkylaryl group (e.g., o-tolyl,m-tolyl, p-tolyl, xylyl, mesityl and the like, preferably, C_(1˜5)alkylphenyl and the like); an acyl group (C_(1˜6) alkanoyl (e.g.,formyl, acetyl, propionyl, pivaloyl and the like), benzoyl, C_(1˜6)alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methanesulfonyl and the like), benzenesulfonyl andthe like); a C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl group which may be halogenated(e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethoxycarbonyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, trichloromethoxycarbonyl,2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl and the like), a C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonylgroup which may be substituted with a phenyl group (e.g.,benzyloxycarbonyl and the like); aryl (C_(6˜10) aryl such as phenyl,1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and the like); aralkyl (e.g., C_(7˜10) aralkylsuch as benzyl, phenethyl and the like, preferably phenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyland the like); arylalkenyl (e.g., C_(8˜10) arylalkenyl such as cinnamyland the like, preferably phenyl-C_(2˜4) alkenyl and the like); aheterocyclic group (a group similar to the heterocyclic group in “theheterocyclic group which may be substituted” as the above substituent,preferably pyridyl, and more preferably 4-pyridyl and the like); and thelike may be used. Any of these substituents may have one to threesubstituents at positions capable of being substituted.

The amino group in “the amino group which may be substituted” as theabove substituent may be substituted with an imidoyl group which may besubstituted (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkylimidoyl (e.g., formylimidoyl,acetylimidoyl and the like), C_(1˜6) alkoxyimidoyl, C_(1˜6)alkylthioimidoyl, amidino and the like); an amino group which may besubstituted with 1-2 C_(1˜6) alkyl groups. Any of these substituents mayhave one to two substituents at positions capable of being substituted.In addition, two substituents, taken together with a nitrogen atom, mayform a cyclic amino group. Such a cyclic amino group may be, forexample, a 3- to 8-membered (preferably a 5- or 6-membered) cyclic aminogroup such as 1-azetidinyl; 1-pyrrolidinyl; piperidino; thiomorpholino;morpholino; 1-piperazinyl; 1-piperazinyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 1-imidazolyl andthe like which may have a lower alkyl (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such asmethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl andthe like), aralkyl (e.g., C_(7˜10) aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl andthe like), aryl (e.g., C_(6˜10) aryl such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl,2-naphthyl and the like) at its forth position; and the like.

For the alkylsulfinyl group in “the alkylsulfinyl group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent, C_(1˜6) alkylsulfinyl such asmethylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl,butylsulfinyl, isobutylsulfinyl, sec-butylsulfinyl, tert-butylsulfinyl,pentylsulfinyl, hexylsulfinyl and the like may be used. For thesubstituent in the alkylsulfinyl, a group similar to the substituent in“the alkyl group which may be substituted” as the above substituent maybe used at a similar number.

For “the carboxyl group which may be esterified or amidated” as theabove substituent, a carboxyl group, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl,aralkyloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N-monosubstituted carbamoyl andN,N-disubstituted carbamoyl may be used.

For the alkoxycarbonyl, for example, C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl (loweralkoxycarbonyl) such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl,sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl,isopentyloxycarbonyl, neopentyloxycarbonyl and the like may be used.Among them, C_(1˜3) alkoxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl,ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl and the like are preferably used. Theabove lower alkoxycarbonyl may have a substituent, and for thesubstituent, a hydroxyl group; an amino group which may be substituted(the amino group may have one or two substituents such as a lower alkylgroup (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like, preferablymethyl, ethyl and the like) which may be substituted with one to fivehalogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like);an acyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkanoyl such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl,pivaloyl and the like;.benzoyl and the like), a carboxyl group, C_(1˜6)alkoxycarbonyl and the like); a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine,bromine, iodine and the like); a nitro group; a cyano group; a loweralkoxyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like,preferably methoxy, ethoxy and the like) which may be substituted withone to five halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine andthe like) may be used. Preferably, one, two or three (preferably one ortwo) of these substituents are substituted with the same or differentsubstituents.

For the aryloxycarbonyl, for example, C_(6˜14) aryloxycarbonyl such asphenoxycarbonyl, 1-naphthoxycarbonyl, 2-naphthoxycarbonyl,1-phananthoxycarbonyl and the like are preferably used. Thearyloxycarbonyl may have a substituent, and for the substituent, a groupsimilar to the substituent in the alkoxycarbonyl as the abovesubstituent may be used at a similar number.

For the aralkyloxycarbonyl, for example, C_(7˜14) aralkyloxycarbonyl(preferably, C_(6˜10) aryl-C_(1˜4) alkoxy-carbonyl and the like) such asbenzyloxycarbonyl, phenethyloxycarbonyl and the like are preferablyused. The aralkyloxycarbonyl may have a substituent, and for thesubstituent, a group similar to the substituent in the alkoxycarbonyl asthe above substituent may be used at a similar number.

For the N-monosubstituted carbamoyl, for example, a lower alkyl (e.g.,C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like); a lower alkenyl (e.g., C_(2˜6)alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl,hexenyl and the like); cycloalkyl (e.g., C_(3˜6) cycloalkyl such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like); aryl(e.g., C_(6˜10) aryl such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and thelike); aralkyl (e.g., C_(7˜10) aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl and thelike, preferably phenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyl and the like); arylalkenyl (e.g.,C_(8˜10) arylalkenyl such as cinnamyl and the like, preferablyphenyl-C_(2˜4) alkenyl and the like); a heterocyclic group (e.g., agroup similar to the heterocyclic group in “the heterocyclic group whichmay be substituted” as the above substituent may be used. The loweralkyl, lower alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, arylalkenyl,heterocyclic group may have a substituent, and for the substituent, agroup similar to the substituent in the alkoxycarbonyl as the abovesubstituent may be used at a similar number.

The N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl means a carbamoyl group witch has twosubstituent on the nitrogen atom, as an example of one substituent, agroup similar to the substituent in the N-monosubstituted carbamoyl asthe above substituent may be used, and as an example for the othersubstituent, for example, a lower alkyl (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such asmethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl andthe like), C_(3˜7) cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like), C_(7˜10) aralkyl (e.g., benzyl,phenethyl and the like, preferably phenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyl and the like)and the like may be used. In addition, two substituents, taken togetherwith a nitrogen atom, may form a cyclic amino group. Such a cyclicaminocarbamoyl group may be, for example, a 3- to 8-membered (preferablya 5- or 6-membered) cyclic aminocarbonyl group such as1-azetidinylcarbonyl; 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl; piperidinocarbonyl;morpholinocarbonyl; 1-piperazinylcarbonyl which may have a lower alkyl(e.g., C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like), aralkyl (e.g., C_(7˜10) aralkylsuch as benzyl, phenethyl and the like), aryl (e.g., C_(6˜10) aryl suchas phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and the like) at its forth position;and the like.

For the substituent in “the thiocarbamoyl group which may besubstituted” and “the sulfamoyl group which may be substituted” as theabove substituent, a group similar to the substituent for theN-monosubstituted carbamoyl and the N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl in “thecarboxyl group which may be esterified or amidated” as the abovesubstituent may be used.

For the acyl from sulfonic acid as the above substituent, for example, agroup in which one substituent on the nitrogen atom in the aboveN-monosubstituted carbamoyl is coupled with sulfonyl is used, andpreferably acyl from C_(1˜6) alkylsulfonyl and the like such asmethanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl and the like.

For the acyl from carboxylic acid as a substituent, a group in which ahydrogen atom or one substituent on the nitrogen atom in the aboveN-monosubstituted carbamoyl is coupled with carbonyl may be used, andpreferably acyl from C_(1˜6) alkanoyl such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl,pivaloyl and the like; benzoyl and the like may be used.

R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or a substituent. When R^(a) is a substituent,for this substituent a group similar to the substituent in “the aromatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent” as the above substituentmay be used at a similar number. Preferably, a lower alkoxyl group(e.g., C_(1˜6) alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and the like); ahalogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like); alower alkyl group (e.g. C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl andthe like); a lower alkenyl group (e.g., C_(2˜6) alkenyl such as vinyl,allyl and the like); a lower alkynyl group (e.g., C_(2˜6) alkynyl suchas ethynyl, propargyl and the like); an amino group which may besubstituted; a hydroxy group which may be substituted; a cyano group; anamidino group which may be substituted; a carbamoyl group which may besubstituted (e.g., a C_(1˜6) alkyl group which may be substituted with a5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyridinyland the like); or a carbamoyl group, 1-azetidinylcarbonyl,1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl,1-piperazinylcarbonyl and the like which may be substituted with an acylgroup (e.g., formyl, C_(2˜6) alkanoyl, benzoyl, C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonylwhich may be halogenated, C_(1˜6) alkylsulfonyl which may behalogenated, benzenesulfonyl and the like), and the like); and the likemay be used. Preferably, a hydroxy group which may be substituted may beused. For “the amino group which may be substituted”, “the hydroxy groupwhich may be substituted” and “the amidino group which may besubstituted”, a group similar to the substituent in “the aromatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent”, “the hydroxy groupwhich may be substituted”, and “the amidino group which may besubstituted” as the above substituent in “the amino group which may besubstituted” may be used.

Y, Y¹ and Y² are, the same or different, a hydrogen atom or asubstituent. When Y, Y¹ and Y² are substituents, for these substituents,the same or different groups similar to the substituent in “the aminogroup which may be substituted” for “the aromatic hydrocarbon groupwhich may have a substituent” as the above substituent may be used at asimilar number. Preferably, a lower alkyl group (e.g., C_(1˜6) alkylsuch as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl,pentyl, hexyl and the like) which may be substituted with a substituentselected from a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodineand the like), C_(1˜6) alkoxy which may be halogenated (e.g., methoxy,ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, trichloromethoxy,2,2,2-trichloroethoxy and the like) and C_(7˜11) alkylaryl group (e.g.,o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, xylyl, mesityl and the like, preferablyC_(1˜5) alkylphenyl and the like); an acyl group (C_(1˜6) alkanoyl(e.g., formyl, acetyl, propionyl, pivaloyl and the like); benzoyl;C_(1˜6) alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methanesulfonyl and the like);benzenesulfonyl and the like); a C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl group which maybe halogenated (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,trifluoromethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl,trichloromethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl and the like); aC_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl group which may be substituted with a phenylgroup (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl and the like); aryl (e.g., C_(6˜10) arylsuch as phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and the like); aralkyl (e.g.,C_(7˜10) aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl and the like, preferablyphenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyl and the like), arylalkenyl (e.g., C_(8˜10)arylalkenyl such as cinnamyl and the like, preferably phenyl-C_(2˜4)alkenyl and the like), a heterocyclic group (a group similar to theheterocyclic group in “the heterocyclic group which may be substituted”as the above substituent, preferably pyridyl, and more preferably4-pyridyl and the like); an imidoyl group which may be substituted(e.g., C_(1˜6) alkylimidoyl (e.g., formylimidoyl, acetylimidoyl and thelike), C_(1˜6) alkoxyimidoyl, C_(1˜6) alkylthioimidoyl, amidino and thelike); an amino group which may be substituted with one or two C_(1˜6)an alkyl group and the like may be used.

R^(b) is a protecting group which may be generally used in organicsyntheses, and include, not limited to, but for example, formyl, C_(1˜6)alkylcarbonyl (e.g., acetyl, propionyl and the like), phenylcarbonyl,C_(1˜6) alkyloxycarbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and thelike), phenyloxycarbonyl, C_(7˜20) aralkyl (e.g., benzyl, phenylethyl,trityl, benzhydryl and the like), C_(2˜10) alkylsulfamoyl(e.g.,dimethylsulfamoyl and the like), C_(1˜10) alkylsulfonyl(e.g.,p-toluenesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, methylsulfonyl and the like),C_(7˜10) aralkyloxy-carbonyl(e.g., phenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyloxy-carbonyl suchas benzyloxycarbonyl and the like), methoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl,trimethylsilylethoxymethyl, phthaloyl or N,N-dimethylaminomethylene andthe like, each of which may have a substituent. For the substituent, ahalogen atom, formyl, a C_(1˜6) alkylcarbonyl group, a nitro group andthe like may be used, one to about three substituents may be used.

Embodiments for the metal hydride complexes specifically include, forexample, an alkali metal hydride complex such as sodium borohydride,lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride,lithium tri(sec-butyl)borohydride, sodium tri(sec-butyl)borohydride andthe like; and zinc borohydride and others. Preferably an alkali metalhydride complex such as sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride,potassium borohydride and the like; more preferably sodium borohydrideand potassium borohydride; and further preferably sodium borohydride maybe used.

Embodiments for the metal halides specifically include, for example,aluminum halides such as aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide and thelike; lithium halides such as lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithiumbromide and the like; magnesium halides such as magnesium chloride,magnesium bromide; calcium halides such as calcium chloride, calciumbromide and the like; and boron fluoride, iron chloride, zinc chloride,antimony chloride and the like. Preferably, calcium halides such ascalcium chloride and calcium bromide and the like; and more preferably,calcium chloride may be used.

Ether is a compound in which two hydrocarbon residues are coupled withone oxygen atom, and includes a chain and cyclic ether. Embodiments ofether specifically include, for example, an aliphatic single ether suchas methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, isobutyl etherand the like; an aliphatic mixed ether such as methyl ethyl ether,1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, methyl propyl ether,methyl isopropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethylbutyl ether, ethyl isoamyl ether and the like; an aliphatic unsaturatedether such as vinyl ether, allyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinylether and the like; an aromatic ether such as anisole, phenetole, phenylether, benzyl ether, phenyl benzyl ether and the like; a cyclic ethersuch as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide,tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane and the like. Preferably, analiphatic single ether such as methyl ether, ethyl ether and the like;an aliphatic mixed ether such as methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl etherand the like; a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran,dioxane; more preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, dioxane; and further preferably tetrahydrofuran may beused.

Alcohol is a compound other than phenol in which a hydrogen atom in thehydrocarbon is substituted with a hydroxy group. Embodiments of alcoholspecifically includes, for example, an aliphatic saturated alcohol suchas methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol,butyl alcohol and the like; an aliphatic unsaturated alcohol such asallyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol and the like; analicyclic alcohol such as cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol and the like; anaromatic alcohol such as benzyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol and the like;and a heterocyclic alcohol such as furfuryl alcohol and the like.Preferably, an aliphatic saturated alcohol such as methyl alcohol, ethylalcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol; morepreferably a C_(1˜6) alcohol such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol,propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol; further preferablymethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol; still further preferablymethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol; and most preferably ethyl alcohol may beused.

Salts which may be used in the present invention include, for example, asalt with an inorganic base, an ammonium salt, a salt with an organicbase, a salt with an inorganic acid, a salt with an organic acid, a saltwith a basic or acidic amino acid and the like. Preferable examples of asalt with an inorganic base include an alkali metal salt such as asodium salt, a potassium salt and the like; an alkaline earth metal saltsuch as a calcium salt, a magnesium salt and the like; an aluminum saltand the like. Preferable examples of a salt with an organic base includesalts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline,ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine,N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like. Preferable examples of saltswith an inorganic acid include salts with hydrochrolic acid, hydrobromicacid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.Preferable examples of salts with an organic acid include salts withformic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalicacid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malicacid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acidand the like. Preferable examples of salts with a basic amino acidinclude salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like, andpreferable examples of salts with an acidic amino acid include saltswith aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.

According to the present invention, a primary alcohol may be produced byselectively reducing (1) an esterified carboxyl group and (2) anesterified carboxyl group in a compound having an N-unsubstituted amidegroup or an N-monosubstituted amide group, in an ether-alcohol solventin the presence of a metal hydride complex and a calcium halide.

The esterified carboxyl group means a carboxyl group having asubstituent similar to the above R as an ester residue. For thesubstituent in the N-monosubstituted amide group, a group similar to thesubstituent in “the amino group which may be substituted” as the abovesubstituent.

R^(a) is preferably a hydrogen atom, a C_(1˜6) alkyl group, a hydroxygroup, a thiol group, or a halogen atom and the like.

R, Y, Y₁ and Y₂ are, the same or different, preferably a C_(1˜6) alkylgroup.

Ar is preferably naphthyl, benzothiazolyl, or biphenyl.

The ring B is preferably imidazole or triazole.

n is preferably an integer of 1 to 3 and more preferably 1 or 2.

The metal hydride complex is preferably an alkali metal hydride complex,more preferably an alkali metal borohydride, and further preferablysodium borohydride.

The metal halide is preferably a calcium halide, more preferably calciumchloride.

R^(b) is preferably a trityl group.

Ether is preferably a cyclic ether, more preferably tetrahydrofuran.

Alcohol is preferably a C_(1˜6) alcohol, and more preferably ethanol ormethanol.

In the reduction reaction according to the present invention, a mixedsolvent of ether and alcohol is preferably used. More preferably,alcohol is added to a reaction system in an ether solvent. Furtherpreferably, a C_(1˜6) alcohol is added to a reaction system in a cyclicether solvent, and still further preferably ethanol or methanol is addedto a reaction system in tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.

In a reduction reaction according to the present invention, mostpreferably, the metal hydride complex is sodium borohydride, the calciumhalide is calcium chloride, ether is tetrahydrofuran, the alcohol isethanol or methanol, and ethanol or methanol is added to a reactionsystem in tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.

In addition, the present inventors have made every effort to studypossibility on an industrially advantageous process for producing aReformatsky reagent, wherein the process being excellent inreproducibility, and have succeeded in producing a solution of ethylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at a high reproducibility byusing an excess amount of zinc relative to ethyl bromoacetate in THF toaccomplish the present invention. According to the present process forproducing a Reformatsky reagent, a Reformatsky reagent can be producedat high reproducibility with no steep initiation of reaction and noextreme reduction in yielding.

In addition, it has been found that the solution of ethylbromozincacetate in THF is surprisingly very stable, and thatspecifically, when the solution is maintained at 0-5° C., the solutioncan be used as a reagent substantially without any problem in productionfor at least two months.

Further, the present inventors have first succeeded in crystallizingethyl bromozincacetate from a THF solution of ethyl bromozincacetate,and have revealed from an X-ray crystallography of the isolated crystalthat this crystal has a structure of ethyl bromozincacetate.THFbinuclear, complex ((BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂).

Use of the ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclear complex in this crystalform allows obtaining a derivative of β-hydroxy acid of interest at ahigh yield even in a Reformatsky reaction wherein the derivative isobtained at a low yield by a conventional process. Thus, the Reformatskyreagent in the crystal form obtained according to the present inventionis very useful.

In addition, it has been found that the Reformatsky reagent in thiscrystal form is also very stable, and specifically, when this crystal ismaintained under an inert gas atmosphere at 0-5° C., the crystal can beused as a reagent substantially without any problem in production for atleast six months.

Although it has been found that the THF solution of ethylbromozincacetate could be prepared reproducibly and the solution wasstable as mentioned above, there remains a possibility to occurunexpectedly crystallization of ethyl bromozincacetate in somecombinations between a temperature and a concentration in use orstorage.

Naturally, crystallization may be avoided by controlling a temperatureand a concentration, and even when crystallization has occurred, thereis no practical problem after dissolving the crystals again by heatingand the like. However, for example in the case where the possibility ofcrystallization is reduced by decreasing the concentration, productivitydecreases. Further, unexpected crystallization during a large scaledproduction results in a risk which is a critical obstacle in handlingand reproducibility.

Therefore, the present inventors further studied on obtaining a stablesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in which crystallization does notoccur at a relatively high concentration in order to minimize the aboverisk in an industrial large scale production without reducingproductivity.

JP-A 302287/1999 describes a process for preventing crystallization of aGrignard reagent by adding alkylene glycol ethers to a solution of theGrignard reagent in THF. According to this process, the presentinventors prepared ethyl bromozincacetate in THF, and then1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) was added to this THF solution butcrystallization could not be prevented.

The present inventors have succeeded in preventing crystallization froma solution of Reformatsky reagent at a relatively high concentration byusing DME or cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) in place of THF as asolvent in a production of a Reformatsky reagent. It may be mainlybecause under these conditions a crystalline ethyl bromozincacetate.THFcomplex is not formed due to the absence of THF in a system, and becausecrystallization of ethyl bromozincacetate itself and a complex thereofwith DME or CPME is difficult under the above condition.

It has been found that the resulting solution of a Reformatsky reagentin CPME is very stable without causing crystallization at higherconcentrations than that of the above stable THF solution, and that whenthe solution is maintained at 0-5° C., the solution can be used as areagent substantially without any problem in production for at least onemonth.

Further, the present inventors have succeeded in crystallizing andisolating a Reformatsky reagent.THF binuclear complex from thesesolutions by adding THF to the aforementioned DME solution and CPMEsolution.

Thus, according to the present invention, a very stable Reformatskyreagent can be provided in a form of a crystal and a solution.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be explained in detail by using Examples, butthey never limit the present invention in any way.

wherein each symbol is the same as defined above, X is a halogen atom,and Y³ is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.[Step 01]

The compound (a-8) is obtained by reacting a compound (a-10) or areactive derivative thereof with a compound (a-9).

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and include, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; esters suchas ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like; ethers such as diethylether, diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)-ether and the like;aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride,chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like; ketones -such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and thelike; aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thelike. The aforementioned ethers, esters, aprotic polar solvents arepreferable, and particularly tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate,N,N-dimethylformamide are preferable. These may be used alone or incombination of any two or more of them at an appropriate ratio.

The amount of the solvent to be used in this reaction is 1˜50 parts byweight, preferably 5˜25 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5˜10parts by weight relative to the amount of the material compound (a-10).

The halogenating agent used in this reaction includes, for example,thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride and the like, and thionylchloride is preferable. The amount of thionyl chloride to be used inthis reaction is 1˜10 equivalents, preferably 1˜5 equivalents, andparticularly preferably 1˜3 equivalents relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-10).

The amount of the compound (a-9) to be used in this reaction is 1˜10equivalents, preferably 1˜5 equivalents, and particularly preferably 1˜3equivalents relative to the amount of the material compound (a-10).

The base used in this reaction includes, for example, inorganic basessuch as lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and the like;tertiary amines such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine,tri(n-propyl)amine, tri(n-butyl)amine, cyclohexyldimethylamine,pyridine, lutidine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine,N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine and the like. Particularly,triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine are preferable. The amount of thesebases to be used is 0˜10 equivalents, preferably 0˜5 equivalents, andparticularly preferably 1˜3 equivalents relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-10).

The reaction temperature is generally −80˜200° C., and preferably 0˜30°C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably 1˜5hours.

In this reaction, a dehydrating condensing agent such as1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimideand the like may be used in place of a halogenating agent.

[Step 02]

The compound (a-6) is obtained by reacting the compound (a-8) or areactive derivative thereof with a metal compound such as alkyllithiumand the like or a metal compound such as magnesium to form an organicmetal compound, and reacting it with the compound (a-7).

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and includes, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; ethers suchas diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, t-butylmethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) etherand the like; aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylenechloride, chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like. The aforementioned ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons arepreferable, and particularly tetrahydrofuran, toluene, n-hexane arepreferable. These may be used alone or in combination of any two or moreof them at an appropriate ratio.

The amount of the solvent to be used in this reaction is 1˜100 parts byweight, preferably 20˜80 parts by weight, particularly preferably 50˜70parts by weight relative to the amount of the material compound (a-8).

The alkyllithium used in this reaction includes, for example, C_(1˜4)alkyllithium such as n-butyllithium, s-butyllithium, t-butyllithium andthe like. Particularly, n-butyllithium is preferable. The amount ofalkyllithium used in this reaction is 1˜10 equivalents, particularlypreferably 2˜3 equivalents relative to the amount of the materialcompound (a-8).

The reaction temperature is generally −120˜0° C., preferably −100˜−20°C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably 1˜2hours.

When X is a halogen atom, this is reacted with magnesium to obtain aGrignard reagent, which is then reacted with the compound (a-7). Whenthe compound (a-8) is reacted with magnesium, the reaction temperatureis generally −40˜60° C., and preferably −20˜40° C. The reaction time isgenerally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably 1˜20 hours.

When alkyllithium is used in this reaction, the existence of an anionobtained by reacting 2-bromobenzene trifluoride with alkyllithium (abenzene trifluoride anion) increases the reaction yield.

[Step 03]

The compound (a-5) is obtained by oxidizing the compound (a-6) by usingan oxidizing agent.

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and includes, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; esters suchas ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like; ethers such as diethylether, diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether and the like;aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride,chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and the like;aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thelike. The aforementioned aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, esters,aprotic polar solvents are preferable, and particularly,dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide are preferable.These may be used alone or in combination of any two or more of them atan appropriate ratio.

The amount of the solvent used in this reaction is 1˜50 parts by weight,and preferably 10˜30 parts by weight relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-6).

The oxidizing agent used in this reaction includes, for example, chromicacid-acetic acid, a Jones reagent, anhydrous chromic acid-pyridinecomplexes, manganese dioxide, silver carbonate-Celite, dimethylsulfoxide-oxazolyl chloride, aluminum alkoxide-ketone, triphenylbismuthcarbonate, tetrapropylammonium-perruthenate, ruthenium tetroxide,hypochlorous acid-acetic acid, periodinane compounds and the like.Particularly, manganese dioxide is preferable. The amount of theoxidizing agent used in this reaction is 1˜30 equivalents, andpreferably 10˜20 equivalents relative to the amount of the materialcompound (a-6).

The reaction temperature is generally −80˜200° C., and preferably 30˜50°C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably 3˜8hours.

[Step 04]

The compound (a-3) is obtained by reacting the compound (a-5) with alithium salt (Y³; a hydrogen atom) or an organic zinc compound (Y³; ahalogen atom) prepared from the compound (a-4).

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and includes, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; esters suchas ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like; ethers such as diethylether, diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether and the like;aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride,chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and the like;aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thelike. The aforementioned aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons,ethers are preferable, and particularly, tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane arepreferable. These may be used alone or in combination of any two or moreof them at an appropriate ratio.

The amount of the solvent used in this reaction is 1˜50 parts by weight,and preferably 10˜30 parts by weight relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-5).

The lithium alkylamide used in this reaction includes, for example,lithium dimethylamide, lithium diethylamide, lithium diisopropylamide,lithium dicyclohexylamide, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and thelike. Particularly, lithium diisopropylamide is preferable. The amountof lithium alkylamide used in this reaction is 1˜10 equivalents, andpreferably 2˜4 equivalents relative to the amount of the materialcompound (a-5).

The reaction temperature is generally −120˜0° C., and preferably−100˜−20° C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 20 hours, and preferably 30minutes to 2 hours.

When the compound (a-3) is obtained by reacting the compound (a-5) withan organic zinc compound (a Reformatsky reagent) in this reaction, thereaction temperature is generally −80˜150° C., and preferably −40˜20° C.The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 20 hours, and preferably 30minutes to 5 hours. The amount of the organic zinc compound used in thisreaction is 1˜10 equivalents, and preferably 1.2˜5 equivalents relativeto the amount of the material compound (a-5).

In preparation of a Reformatsky reagent, zinc is used in a form of, forexample, powder, flake, wire, and foil, and particularly zinc ispreferably used in a form of powder. It is preferable that zinc istreated by a conventional acid cleaning before use, but commercial zincis used without any treatment. It is preferable that excess amount ofzinc is used relative to one mole amount of the sub material compound(a-4) in preparation of a Reformatsky reagent. Specifically, it ispreferable that zinc exists in an amount more than 1 gram atom, morepreferably more than 1 gram atom and 50 gram atoms or less, furtherpreferably more than 1 gram atom and 5 gram atoms or less, and mostpreferably more than 1 gram atom and 3 gram atoms or less. It is betterthat the water content in a solvent used in preparing a Reformatskyreagent is less, and it is particularly preferable that the content is0.005% or less. Optionally, a stabilizer (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenoland the like) may be added to tetrahydrofuran. It is preferable thatzinc is activated. An activating agent used in the present inventionincludes, for example, iodine, 1,2-dibromoethane, copper halide, silverhalide, chlorotrimethylsilane, molecular sieves and the like, andparticularly chlorotrimethylsilane is preferable. Zinc-Copper couple,Rieke Zn, Zinc-Silver-Graphite, zinc chloride-lithium, zincchloride-lithium naphthalide, zinc and zinc compounds activated withsuper sonic and the like. The reaction temperature in preparation of aReformatsky reagent is generally −80˜150° C., and preferably −10˜40° C.The reaction time is generally 1 minute to 20 hours, and preferably 20minutes to 1 hour.

Optically active compounds may be obtained by reacting the compound(a-5) with an organic zinc compound in the presence of an appropriateasymmetric ligand. The asymmetric ligand includes, for example, anoptical active amino alcohol derivative and an optically active aminederivative. Embodiments of the optically active amino alcohol derivativeinclude cinchona alkaloids such as cinchonine, chinchonidine, quinidine,quinine and the like; N-methylephedrine, norephedrine,3-exo-(dimethylamino)isoborneol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol,1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol,2-[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-1-methylpyrrolidine and the like. Byselecting an asymmetric ligand used, a compound having a desiredconfiguration may be obtained.

Ester interchange of the compound (a-3) may also be carried out by usingan organic titanium compound such as titanium isopropoxide, titaniumethoxide, titanium methoxide and the like.

[Step 05]

The compound (a-2) is obtained by reducing reaction of the compound(a-3) or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of a metalhydride complex and a metal halide.

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and includes, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; ethers suchas diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) etherand the like; aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylenechloride, chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol,2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and the like;aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thelike. These may be used alone or in combination of any two or more ofthem at an appropriate ratio. The aforementioned ethers, alcohols arepreferable, and particularly, a mixed solvent of ethers-alcohols ispreferable. More preferably, alcohols are added in a reaction system inethers as a reaction solvent. Particularly, a mixed solvent such astetrahydrofuran-ethanol, tetrahydrofuran-methanol is preferable, andfurther preferably ethanol or ethanol is added to a reaction system intetrahydrofuran as a reaction solvent.

The amount of the solvent used in this reaction is 1˜50 parts by weight,and preferably 10˜30 parts by weight relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-3).

The metal hydride complex used in this reaction includes, for example,alkali metal hydride complexes such as sodium borohydride, lithiumborohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride and thelike; and zinc borohydride and others. Preferably, alkali metal hydridecomplexes such as sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, potassiumborohydride and the like are used, more preferably sodium borohydride,potassium borohydride are used, and most preferably sodium borohydrideis used. The amount of the metal hydride complex used in this reactionis 2˜20 equivalents, and particularly preferably 6˜10 equivalentsrelative to the amount of the material compound (a-3).

The metal halide used in this reaction includes, for example, aluminumhalides such as aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide and the like;lithium halides such as lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithiumbromide and the like; magnesium halides such as magnesium chloride,magnesium bromide and the like; calcium halides such as calciumchloride, calcium bromide and the like; zinc halides such as zincchloride, zinc bromide and the like; iron chloride; tin chloride; boronfluoride and the like. Preferably, calcium halides such as calciumchloride, calcium bromide and the like; zinc halides such as zincchloride, zinc bromide and the like are used, and more preferablycalcium halides such as calcium chloride, calcium bromide and the like,and most preferably calcium chloride is used. The amount of the metalhalide in this reaction is 1˜10 equivalents, and particularly preferably3˜5 equivalents relative to the amount of the material compound (a-3).

The reaction temperature is generally −80˜200° C., and preferably 0˜50°C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably3˜24 hours.

[Step 06]

The compound (a-1) is obtained by converting the alcohol residue in thecompound (a-2) into a leaving group, and reacting it in the presence orin the absence of a base.

The solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as far asnot affecting the reaction, and includes, for example, aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; aliphatichydrocarbons such as hexane, pentane, heptane and the like; ethers suchas diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl) etherand the like; aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylenechloride, chloroform, dichloroethane and the like; aromatic halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluorideand the like; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol,2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and the like;aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thelike. The aforementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols,aprotic polar solvents are preferable, and particularly toluene,tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile are preferable. Morepreferably, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, acetonitrile are used. These maybe used alone or in combination of any two or more of them at anappropriate ratio.

The amount of the solvent used in this reaction is 1˜50 parts by weight,and preferably 10˜30 parts by weight relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-2).

The leaving group introducing agent includes, for example, alkylsulfonylhalides such as methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride andthe like; and halogenating agents such as carbontetrachloride-triphenylphosphine,N-chlorosuccinimide-triphenylphosphine, thionyl chloride, lithiumchloride, carbon tetrabromide-triphenylphosphine,N-bromosuccinimide-triphenylphosphine, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorusbromide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide,imidazole-iodine-triphenylphosphine and the like. Preferably,alkylsulfonyl halides such as methanesulfonyl chloride,p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the like is used, and particularlymethanesulfonyl chloride is preferable. The amount of the leaving groupintroducing agent is 1˜10 equivalents, preferably 1˜5 equivalents, andparticularly preferably 1˜2 equivalents relative to the amount of thematerial compound (a-2).

The base used in this reaction includes, for example, tertiary aminessuch as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, tri(n-propyl)amine,tri(n-butyl)amine, cyclohexyldimethylamine, pyridine, lutidine,N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine,N-methylmorpholine and the like. Particularly, triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine are preferable. The amount of these bases is 0˜10equivalents, and particularly preferably 2˜6 equivalents relative to theamount of the material compound (a-2).

The reaction temperature is generally 30˜120° C., and preferably 50˜80°C.

The reaction time is generally 5 minutes to 48 hours, and preferably 2˜5hours.

The compounds (a-10) and (a-7), which are starting material in the abovestep, may be synthesized by a generally known synthesis in an organicchemistry field, or methods described in or methods analogue to those inJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 239 for the compound (a-10); and J. Med.Chem., 1977, 20, 721 for the compound (a-7).

The compound obtained in each of the above steps may be isolated orpurified from the reaction mixture by using a known means per se, forexample, extracting, concentrating, neutralizing, filtering,recrystallizing, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography andthe like, or the reaction mixture itself may be used as a material forthe following step.

When the compound is obtained in a free form by each reaction accordingto the present invention, the free form may be converted into a saltthereof using a conventional method, and when the compound is obtainedin a salt form, the salt form may be converted into a free form or othersalt form.

In addition the above compound or a salt thereof may be a hydrate, andboth hydrate and anhydrate thereof are within a scope of the presentinvention.

In addition, the present invention provides a crystal of ethylbromozincacetate which is known to be a Reformatsky reagent.Particularly, the present invention provides a crystal of ethylbromozincacetate to which tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordinates, and morespecifically, the present invention provides a compound represented by aformula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂.

The present crystal of ethyl bromozincacetate to which THF coordinateshas peaks at 2983, 2897, 1589, 1446, 1371, 1286, 1070, 1022, 858 and 769(cm⁻¹) by FT-IR.

The present crystal of ethyl bromozincacetate to which THF coordinateshas a structure determined by an X-ray crystallography shown in FIG. 1,wherein the structure having bond lengths listed in Table 1, bond angleslisted in Table 2 and crystallographic data and structure refinementlisted in Table 3.

According to the present invention, the compound represented by theformula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ may be crystallized from a solution ofBrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in THF.

A crystal of the compound represented by the formula(BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ may be isolated by crystallizing the compoundrepresented by the formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ from a solution ofBrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in THF by using alone or in combination of any of aconventional crystallizing method such as standing, stirring,concentrating, cooling, seeding and the like, and then filtrating thecrystal. It is preferable that the above step is carried out under aninert gas such as nitrogen, argon and the like.

Alternatively, according to the present invention, the crystal of thecompound represented by the formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ may be formedby reacting the compound represented by the formula BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ withTHF upon addition of THF in a solution of BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether.

For example, the crystal of the compound represented by the formula(BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ may be isolated by adding THF in a solution ofBrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅ in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether,crystallizing the compound represented by the formula(BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ from the resulting mixed solution by using aloneor in combination of any of a conventional crystallizing method such asstanding, stirring, concentrating, cooling, seeding and the like, andthen filtrating the crystal. It is preferable that the above step iscarried out under an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon and the like.

Alternatively, according to the present invention, the crystal of thecompound represented by a formula (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂ may be formed byreacting the compound represented by a formula BrCH₂COOC₂H₅ with anexcess amount of zinc relative to the compound represented by a formulaBrCH₂COOC₂H₅ in the presence of an activating agent in an organicsolvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane and cyclopentyl methyl ether or a mixed solvent incombination of any two or more of the aforementioned organic solvents,followed by adding THF to the resultant solution.

Further, the present invention provides a process for producing acompound represented by the general formula (V):

wherein X¹ is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and

R¹¹ and R¹² are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogenatom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, analicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclicgroup which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ is an ester residue; or

R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, anaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromaticheterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R¹⁰ and R¹², takentogether with the atom to which they are bonded, form a lactone ringwhich may have a substituent, which comprises reacting a compoundrepresented by the general formula (IV):

wherein X¹, R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² are the same as defined above with zinc ina solvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane, cyclopentyl methyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, or ina mixed solvent in any combination of two or more of them in thepresence of an activating agent, wherein zinc exists in an excess amountrelative to the compound represented by the general formula (IV).

In the compound represented by the general formula (IV), for thealiphatic hydrocarbon group in “the aliphatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent”, for example, a linear- or branched-chainaliphatic hydrocarbon such as an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynylgroup and the like may be used.

For the alkyl group, for example, C_(1˜10) alkyl groups (preferably,C_(1˜6) alkyl groups and the like) such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-methylpropyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl,1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl,3,3-dimethylpropyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl,1-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, nonyl and the like may be used.

For the alkenyl group, for example, C_(2˜6) alkenyl groups such asvinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 2-methylallyl, 1-propenyl,2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl,2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl,3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl,3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl and the like may be used.

For the alkynyl group, for example, C_(2˜6) alkynyl groups such asethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl,1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl,3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl and the like may be used.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group in “the alicyclic hydrocarbon groupwhich may have a substituent” includes, for example, saturated orunsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a cycloalkyl group, acycloalkenyl group, a cycloalkanedienyl group and the like.

For the cycloalkyl group, for example, C_(3˜9) cycloalkyl such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and the like may be used.

For the cycloalkenyl group, for example, C_(3˜6) cycloalkenyl groupssuch as 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl,3-cyclohexen-1-yl, 1-cyclobuten-1-yl, 1-cyclopenten-1-yl and the likemay be used.

For the cycloalkanedienyl group, for example, C_(4˜6) cycloalkanedienylgroups such as 2,4-cyclopentanedien-1-yl, 2,4-cyclohexanedien-1-yl,2,5-cyclohexanedien-1-yl and the like may be used.

For the heterocyclic group in “the heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent”, for example, 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic heterocyclic groups (aliphatic heterocyclic groups) such asoxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl,tetrahydrofuryl, thioranyl, piperidyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl,thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl and the like; or non-aromatic heterocyclicgroups in which a part or all of double bonds in the above monocyclicaromatic heterocyclic group or fused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclicgroup are saturated, such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl and the like may be used.

For the aromatic hydrocarbon group in “the aromatic hydrocarbon groupwhich may have a substituent”, monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatichydrocarbon groups and the like are used, and C_(6˜14) aromatichydrocarbon group is preferably used. Specifically, for example,C_(6˜14) aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl,azulenyl, phenanthryl, phenalenyl, fluorenyl, indacenyl,biphenylenylhaptalenyl, acenaphthylenyl and the like are preferable.

For the aromatic heterocyclic group in “the aromatic heterocyclic groupwhich may have a substituent”, 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromaticheterocyclic groups such as furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, furazanyl,1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl,1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and the like; and 8- to 12-memberedfused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups such as benzofuranyl,isobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 1H-indazolyl,benzindazolyl, benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl,benzopyranyl, 1,2-benzisothiazolyl, 1H-benzotriazolyl, quinolyl,isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl,naphthyridinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, α-carbolinyl,β-carbolinyl, γ-carbolinyl, acridinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl,phenazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, thianthrenyl, phenanthridinyl,phenanthrolinyl, indolizinyl, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl,imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl,1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl and thelike may be used.

The aforementioned substituents are not particularly limited as far asnot decomposing the Reformatsky reagent, and include, for example, ahalogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like);C_(1˜6) alkoxy which may be halogenated (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy,trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, trichloromethoxy,2,2,2-trichloroethoxy and the like); and a lower alkyl group (e.g.,C_(1˜6) alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like) which may be substituted with asubstituent selected from C_(7˜11) alkylaryl groups (e.g., C_(1˜5)alkylphenyl such as o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, xylyl, mesityl and thelike, and the like); C_(1˜6) alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methanesulfonyl andthe like), benzenesulfonyl and the like; a C_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl groupwhich may be halogenated (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,trifluoromethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl,trichloromethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl and the like), aC_(1˜6) alkoxycarbonyl group which may be substituted with a phenylgroup (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl and the like); aryl (C_(6˜10) aryl suchas phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and the like); aralkyl (e.g., C_(7˜10)aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl and the like, preferablyphenyl-C_(1˜4) alkyl and the like); arylalkenyl (e.g., C_(8˜10)arylalkenyl such as cinnamyl and the like, preferably phenyl-C_(2˜4)alkenyl and the like); a heterocyclic group (a group similar to theheterocyclic group in “the heterocyclic group which may be substituted”as the above substituent; a nitro group and the like may be used. Any ofthese substituents may have one to three substituents at positionscapable of being substituted.

The above described process is characterized in that zinc exists in anexcess amount relative to the compound represented by the generalformula (IV). In the above process, zinc is used in a form of, forexample, powder, flake, wire, and foil, and particularly zinc ispreferably used in a form of powder. In the above process, it ispreferable that excess amount of zinc is used relative to one moleamount of the compound represented by the general formula (IV).Specifically, it is preferable that zinc exists in an amount more than 1gram atom, more preferably more than 1 gram atom and 50 gram atoms orless, further preferably more than 1 gram atom and 5 gram atoms or less,and most preferably more than 1 gram atom and 3 gram atoms or less. Itis preferable that zinc is cleaned with an acid or a base before use,but commercial zinc is used without any treatment when the content ofthe zinc is more than about 95%. Particularly, when commercial zinc isused, it is preferable to use for example chlorotrimethylsilane and thelike as an activating agent.

In particular, the present invention provides a process for producing abromozincacetate compound wherein R¹¹ and R¹² are hydrogen atoms, and X¹is a bromine atom in the formulas (IV) and (V), and more preferablyethyl bromozincacetate wherein R¹¹ and R¹² are hydrogen atoms, X¹ is abromine atom, and R¹⁰ is an ethyl group in the formulas (IV) and (V).

In the present invention, an organic solvent selected from a groupconsisting of 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, cyclopentylmethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, or a mixed solvent in combination ofany two or more of the aforementioned organic solvents are used,preferably tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or cyclopentyl methylether are used, and more preferably, cyclopentyl methyl ether ortetrahydrofuran are used.

It is better that the water content in a solvent used in preparing aReformatsky reagent is less, and it is particularly preferable that thecontent is 0.005% or less. Optionally, a stabilizer(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol and the like) may be added totetrahydrofuran.

To a mixture of zinc and tetrahydrofuran is added chlorotrimethylsilaneand the like in order to activate zinc, and then ethyl bromoacetate (ora solution of tetrahydrofuran) is added dropwise. By controlling adropping speed of ethyl bromoacetate, a rapid temperature increase isavoided and a mild preparation can be carried out. A supernatant of theresulting mixture or a solution obtained by removing with filtration ofinsoluble materials may be used in a Reformatsky reaction.Alternatively, the resulting mixture itself may be used in the reactionaccording to the situation. In a similar way, a compound represented bythe general formula (V) may be prepared. In the above process, thereaction temperature is generally −80˜150° C., and preferably −10˜50° C.The reaction time is generally 1 minute to 20 hours, and preferably 20minutes to 6 hours.

According to the present invention, when the compound represented by thegeneral formula (IV) is reacted with zinc, an activating agentactivating zinc is required. The activating agent which may be used inthe present invention includes, for example, halogen, copper halide,silver halide, 1,2-dihaloethane, alkylsilane halide, molecular sievesand the like, wherein halogen represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

For the activating agent which may be used in the present invention,particularly alkylsilane halides such as chlorotrimethylsilane and thelike are preferable.

Further, the present invention provides a solution of a compoundrepresented by the general formula (V):

wherein X¹ is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and R¹¹ and R¹² are, thesame or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, an aliphatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbongroup which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may havea substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ is an ester residue; or R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom, analiphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic groupwhich may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which mayhave a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R¹⁰ and R¹², taken together with the atom to which theyare bonded, form a lactone ring which may have a substituent in1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether. Particularly, thepresent invention provides a solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in1,2-dimethoxyethan or cyclopentyl methyl ether.

Still further, the present invention provides a process for stabilizingethyl bromozincacetate by using 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentylmethyl ether. That is, use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methylether as a solvent prevents the compound represented by the generalformula (V) from crystallizing to form a stable solution.

EXAMPLES AND REFERENCE EXAMPLES

The following Preparation Examples, Examples and Reference Examplesillustrate the present invention in more detail, but the presentinvention is not limited to them.

Symbols used herein mean as follows: s: singlet, d: doublet, t: triplet,q: quartet, quint: quintet, dd: double doublet, m: multiplet, s br:broad, J: coupling constant, room temperature: 15˜30° C., THF:tetrahydrofruan, IPE: isopropyl ether, DME: 1,2-dimethoxyethane, DMF:dimethylformamide Me: CH₃—, Et: CH₃CH₂—, ^(n)Pr: CH₃CH₂CH₂—, ^(t)Bu:(CH₃)₃C—, Trityl: (C₆H₅)₃C—.

Reference Example 1 Preparation of 6-bromo-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

4 Liters of ethyl acetate and 25 mL of DMF were added to 500 g (1.99mol) of 6-bromo-2-naphthoic acid. 188 mL (2.61 mol, 1.3 eq) of thionylchloride was added dropwise at 30° C. or lower. The mixture was stirredat 65° C. for 30 minutes. After cooled to 25° C., a mixture of 408 mL(3.93 mol, 2 eq) of a 40% solution of methylamine in methanol and 558 mL(4.01 mol, 2 eq) of triethylamine was added dropwise at 25° C. or lower.The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 3 hours. 2.5 Liters of water wasadded dropwise at 25° C. or lower. Crystals were filtered, and washedsuccessively with 1.25 liters of a mixed solution of methanol/water=1/4.Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 422 g of6-bromo-N-methyl-2-naphthamide (yield 80%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃+CD₃OD): δ 3.04 (3H, s), 7.60 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.8 Hz), 7.78(2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.85 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.8 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz),8.25 (1H, s).

Reference Example 2 Preparation of6-[hydroxy(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 5.8 liters of THF was added to 105.6 g (0.40mol, 1.2 eq) of 6-bromo-N-methyl-2-naphtamide, the mixture was warmed to50° C. to dissolve it. 500 mL (0.50 mol, 2.4 eq) of a 1.6 M solution ofn-butyllithium in hexane was added dropwise at −65° C. or lower over 35minutes. The mixture was stirred at −65° C. for 1 hour. A solution of112.7 g (0.33 mol) of 1-trityl-4-formyl-1H-imidazole in 810 mL of THFwas added dropwise at −65° C. or lower over 40 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at −65° C. for 2 hours. 1.5 Liters of an aqueous saturatedammonium chloride solution was added dropwise at −20° C. or lower, andthe mixture was warmed to 30° C. After separation of the layers, theorganic layer was washed with 1.5 liters of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution two times. After concentration under reduced pressure,1 liter of ethyl acetate was added to the residue, and the mixture wasstirred at 25° C. for 3 hours. Crystals were filtered, and washed withethyl acetate. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 87.9g of 6-[hydroxy(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 50%).

¹H HMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.82 (3H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 5.76 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 6.78(1H, s), 7.06-7.09 (6H, m), 7.26 (1H, s), 7.33-7.42 (9H, m), 7.53 (1H,d, J=8.5 Hz) 7.88-7.93 (4H, m) 8.36 (1H, s), 8.55 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz).

Reference Example 3 Preparation ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide

2.4 Liters of ethyl acetate and 200 g (2.3 mol, 15 eq) of manganesedioxide were added to 80 g (0.15 mol) of6-[hydroxy(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide. Themixture was stirred at 40˜45° C. for 6 hours, filtered with Celite, andthe filtered material was washed with 300 mL of ethyl acetate two times.After the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, 200 mL ofethyl acetate and 400 mL of IPE were added to the concentration residue,followed by stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours. Crystals were filtered, andwashed with 200 mL of IPE. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weightafforded 69.8 g ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide (yield88%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.07 (3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 6.39 (1H, d, J=4.7 Hz),7.11-7.19 (6H, m), 7.30-7.39 (9H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz), 7.81-8.01(4H, m) 8.29 (2H, dd, J=8.6, 1.4 Hz), 8.99 (1H, s).

Reference Example 4 Preparation of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-6-yl)propanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 7.1 mL (50.6 mmol, 3 eq) of diisopropylaminewas added to 200 mL of THF. At −73˜−68° C., 31.6 mL (50.6 mmol, 3 eq) ofa 1.6 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane was added dropwise over 10minutes. After stirred at 75˜−68° C. for 10 minutes, 5 mL of ethylacetate was added dropwise at −75˜−70° C. over 5 minutes. After stirredat −75˜−70° C. for 30 minutes, a solution of 8.8 g (16.8 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 22 mLof THF was added dropwise at −75˜−65° C. over 5 minutes. After stirredat −75˜−65° C. for 30 minutes, the mixture was warmed to −30° C. Afterstirred for 5 minutes, 50 mL of an aqueous saturated ammonium chloridesolution was added dropwise at −70˜−40° C., and a temperature was risedto room temperature. After the layers were separated, the aqueous layerwas re-extracted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layers werecombined, and washed with 50 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After concentration under reduced pressure, 100 mL ofn-heptane was added to the concentration residue, followed by stirringat room temperature for 30 minutes. Crystals were filtered, and washedwith 50 mL of n-heptane. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weightafforded 9.82 g of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 96%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.13 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.05 (3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 3.33(2H, dd, J=9.8, 16 Hz), 4.04-4.13 (2H, m), 5.14 (1H, s), 6.35 (1H, brs),6.84 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.07-7.11 (6H, m), 7.26-7.38 (10H, m), 7.69-7.84(4H, m) 8.03 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, s).

Example 1 Preparation of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

360 mL of ethanol and 156 mL of THF were added to 26.7 g (0.71 mol, 8eq) of sodium borohydride. 39.3 g (0.35 mol, 4 eq) of calcium chloridewas added at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 1˜3° C. for 30minutes. A solution of 60 g (98 mmol) of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatein 204 mL of THF was added dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at0˜10° C. for 30 minutes, and at 20˜26° C. for 5 hours. 360 mL of water,and 1.44 liters of 1N hydrochloric acid were successively addeddropwise. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. Crystals werefiltered, and washed with 500 mL of water two times. Vacuum drying (50°C.) to a constant weight afforded 54.5 g of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 87%).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.27-2.39 (1H, m), 2.48-2.56 (1H, m), 3.05 (3H, d,J=4.7 Hz), 3.53 (1H, brs), 3.72 (2H, t, J=4.7 Hz), 4.44 (1H, s), 6.38(1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 6.79 (1H, s), 7.11-7.14 (6H, m), 7.25-7.41 (10H, m),7.51 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.70-7.76 (3H, m) 7.96 (1H, s), 8.20 (1H, s).

Example 2 Preparation of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 52.9 mL (0.37 mol, 3 eq) of diisopropylaminewas added to 1.3 liters of THF. 234 mL (0.37 mol, 3 eq) of a 1.6 Msolution of n-butyllithium in hexane was added dropwise at −65° C. orlower over 23 minutes. After stirred at −65° C. for 20 minutes, 36.6 mL(0.37 mol, 3 eq) of ethyl acetate was added dropwise at −65° C. or lowerover 10 minutes. After stirred at −65° C. for 45 minutes, a solution of65 g (0.13 mol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 260 mLof THF was added dropwise at −65° C. or lower over 25 minutes. Themixture was stirred at −65° C. for 1 hour, and at −40˜−30° C. for 2hours. After 370 mL of an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solutionwas added dropwise at −20° C. or lower, the mixture was warmed to 30° C.After the layers were separated, the organic layer was washed with 370mL of an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution two times.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 102 g of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate.

2.9 g (76.6 mol, 8 eq) of sodium borohydride was added to a solution of5.8 g of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatein 40 mL of THF, and 4.25 g (38.2 mol, 4 eq) of calcium chloride wasadded at 0˜5° C. 40 mL of ethanol was added dropwise at 0˜5° C. over 15minutes. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 30 minutes, and at40˜45° C. for 7 hours. 215 mL of water was added at 25° C., and 76.6 mLof 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at50˜55° C. for 1 hour, and at 25° C. for 4 hours.

Crystals were filtered, and washed with 30 mL of water two times. Vacuumdrying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 5.3 g of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 94%).

¹H NMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 1.

Example 3 Preparation of6-[7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-7-yl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

20 mL of THF and 1.23 mL (3.14 mmol, 2 eq) of diisopropylethylamine wereadded to 2 g (3.523 mmol) of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphtamide.20 mL of THF was further added. 0.35 mL (4.58 mmol, 1.3 eq) ofmethylsulfonyl chloride was added dropwise at 2˜3° C., and the mixturewas stirred at 2˜3° C. for 25 minutes. 16 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide wasadded dropwise at 2˜3° C., and the mixture was stirred at 0˜3° C. for 45minutes. 0.2 mL of methylsulfonyl chloride and 0.5 mL ofdiisopropylethylamine were added at 0˜3° C., and the mixture was stirredat 0˜3° C. for 20 minutes. 4 mL of water was added dropwise at 0˜8° C.,and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with10 mL of ethyl acetate two times, the organic layers were combined, andwashed with 4 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution twotimes. The material was dried with magnesium sulfate, and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The concentration residue was dissolved in 15 mLof acetonitrile, and the solution was stirred at 60˜63° C. for 20minutes. To the reaction solution were added 4.5 mL of methanol and 1.23mL (3.14 mmol, 2 eq) of diisopropylethylamine. The mixture was stirredat 60˜63° C. for 2 hours. After cooled to 25° C., 30 mL of an aqueoussaturated ammonium chloride solution and 40 mL of ethyl acetate wereadded, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was backextracted with 10 mL of 0.5N hydrochloric acid-aqueous saturatedammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layers were combined, a pH wasadjusted to 8 with a 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed bystirring at 25° C. for 18 hours and 15 minutes, and at 0˜5° C. for 1hour and 25 minutes. Crystals were filtered, and washed with water.Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.87 g of6-[7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-7-yl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 80%).

¹H HMR ((CDCl₃+CD₃OD): δ 2.89-3.02 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, d, J=4.6 Hz),4.12-4.25 (1H, m), 4.27-4.43 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, q, J=4.6Hz), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.8 Hz), 7.83 (2H, s), 7.89 (1H,d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.28 (1H, s).

Example 4 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 10 liters of THF and 253 mL (2 mol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 2616 g (40 mol) of zinc powders. Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of 2212 mL (20mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 25 L of THF was added dropwise at 25˜35°C. 21.2 g (72 mmol, 1.25 eq) of (+)-cinchonine was added to 431 mL (0.23mol) of the above Reformatsky reagent at 0˜5° C. 18.6 mL (230 mmol, 4eq) of pyridine was added dropwise at 0˜5° C. over 7 minutes. Themixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 20 minutes. A solution of 30 g (57.5mmol) of N-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamidein 300 mL of THF was added dropwise at −42˜−40° C. over 30 minutes. Themixture was stirred at −45˜−40° C. for 1 hour. 430 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid was added dropwise, diluted with 430 mL of ethyl acetate, andstirred at 20˜25° C. for 30 minutes. After the layers were separated,the organic layer was washed successively with 290 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, 290 mL of water and 290 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution two times, and 290 mL of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After concentrated under reduced pressure, 90mL of ethyl acetate was added to the concentration residue, and themixture was warmed to 50° C. to dissolve it. The solution was stirred at20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 90 mL of IPE was added, followed by stirring at0˜5° C. for 2 hours. Crystals were filtered, and washed with 30 mL ofIPE. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 29.2 g ofethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 83%, enantiomer excess 93.5% ee).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.13 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.05 (3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 3.33(2H, dd, J=98, 16 Hz), 4.04-4.13 (2H, m), 5.14 (1H, s), 6.35 (1H, brs),6.84 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.07-7.11 (6H, m), 7.26-7.38 (10H, m), 7.69-7.84(4H, m) 8.03 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, s).

Example 5 Preparation of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

13 mL of THF was added to 1.3 g (2.13 mmol) of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate,and 0.645 g (17.1 mmol, 8 eq) of sodium borohydride was added. 0.95 g(8.53 mmol, 4 eq) of calcium chloride was added at 2° C. 13 mL ofethanol was added dropwise at 2° C. over 15 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at 3˜4° C. for 30 minutes, and at 40˜43° C. for 4 hours. 56 mLof water was added dropwise. 17.1 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise, followed by dilution with 40 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with 20 mL ofethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, and washed with 20 mLof an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution two times. Afterconcentration under reduced pressure, IPE was added to the concentrationresidue, crystals were loosened, filtered and washed with IPE. Vacuumdrying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 1.08 g of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 89%, enantiomer excess 92.0% ee).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.27-2.39 (1H, m), 2.48-2.56 (1H, m), 3.05 (3H, d,J=4.7 Hz), 3.53 (1H, brs), 3.72 (2H, t, J=4.7 Hz), 4.44 (1H, s), 6.38(1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 6.79 (1H s), 7.11-7.14 (6H, m), 7.25-7.41 (10H, m),7.51 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.70-7.76 (3H, m) 7.96 (1H, s), 8.20 (1H, s).

Example 6 Preparation of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

0.095 g (2.51 mmol, 8 eq) of sodium borohydride was added to 1.3 mL ofethanol and 1.3 mL of THF. 0.14 g (1.26 mmol, 4 eq) of calcium chloridewas added at 0˜5° C., and the mixture was stirred at the sametemperature for 30 minutes.

0.188 g (0.314 mmol) of methyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas added at 0˜5° C., and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 4.5 hours. 7 mL of water wasadded dropwise at 35° C. or lower. 2.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid wasadded dropwise, followed by dilution with 10 mL of ethyl acetate. Then,the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed successivelywith 2 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 2 mLof an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After concentratedunder reduced pressure, the concentration residue was loosened with 2 mLof IPE, crystals were filtered, and washed with 1 mL of IPE. Vacuumdrying (40° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.16 g of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 90%).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 5.

Example 7 Preparation of6-[(7S)-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-7-yl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

7 mL of THF and 0.42 mL (2.47 mmol, 4 eq) of diisopropylethylamine wereadded to 0.35 g (0.62 mmol) of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide.0.072 mL (0.93 mmol, 1.5 eq) of methylsulfonyl chloride was addeddropwise at 0˜5° C., and the mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 40minutes. 1.8 mL of methanol and 3.5 mL of acetonitrile were added, andthe mixture was stirred at 60˜65° C. for 4 hours. After cooled to 25°C., 7 mL of ethyl acetate was added, 3.5 mL of 0.5N hydrochloricacid-aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was added dropwise at0˜5° C., and 1 mL of water was added. The aqueous layer was taken, andthe organic layer was back extracted with 2 mL of 0.5N hydrochloricacid-aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution two times. The aqueouslayers were combined, and a pH was adjusted to 8 with a 1N aqueoussodium hydroxide solution. The material was stirred at 25° C. for 2hours, and at 0˜5° C. for 2 hours. Crystals were filtered, and washedwith water. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.87 gof6-[(7S)-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-7-yl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 62%, enantiomer excess 98.2% ee).

¹H HMR ((CDCl₃+CD₃OD): δ 2.89-3.02 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, d, J=4.6 Hz),4.12-4.25 (1H, m), 4.27-4.43 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, q, J=4.6Hz), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.8 Hz), 7.83 (2H, s), 7.89 (1H,d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.28 (1H, s).

Example 8 Preparation of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

Under argon atmosphere, 8 mL of THF and 0.15 mL (1.18 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 1.04 g (16 mmol) of zinc powders,and the mixture was stirred at 35˜40° C. for 5 hours. A solution of 2.36mL (16 mmol) of tert-butyl bromoacetate in 20 mL of THF was addeddropwise at 45˜52° C. over 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 65˜67°C. for 1 hour, and cooled to 25° C. 8.5 mL of THF was added to 1.32 g(4.5 mmol, 1.25 eq) of (+)-cinchonine. The above Reformatsky reagent wasadded dropwise at 4˜6° C. for 15 minutes. 1.16 mL (14.4 mmol, 4 eq) ofpyridine was added dropwise at 5˜7° C. over 2 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at 5˜6° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of 1.88 g (3.6 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 15 mLof THF was added dropwise at −44˜−39° C. over 7 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at −44˜−35° C. for 5 hours and 20 minutes. 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added dropwise, and warmed to 0° C. The mixturewas diluted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acidwas added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 20 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid two times, 20 mL ofwater, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. To theorganic layer were added 10 mL of 0.1N hydrochloric acid, 10 mL of waterand 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the layers were separated. The organiclayer was washed with 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution, and concentrated under reduced pressure at 20° C. 10 mL ofn-hexane was added to the concentration residue, crystals were loosened,filtered, and washed with 10 mL of n-hexane. Air-drying to a constantweight afforded 2.48 g of tert-butyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(enantiomer excess 95.0% ee).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.30 (9H, s), 3.05 (3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 3.25 (2H, dd,J=80, 16 Hz), 5.26 (1H, s), 6.34 (1H, d, J=4.7 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=1.5Hz), 7.07-7.11 (6H, m), 7.25-7.37 (10H, m), 7.70-7.84 (4H, m) 8.04 (1H,s), 8.21 (1H, s).

6.5 mL of ethanol and 6.5 mL of THF were added to 0.47 g (12.5 mmol, 8eq) of sodium borohydride. 0.7 g (6.27 mmol, 4 eq) of calcium chloridewas added at 4˜5° C., and the mixture was stirred at 4˜5° C. for 35minutes. 1 g (1.57 mmol) of tert-butyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas added at 5° C. The mixture was stirred at 23˜29° C. for 6 hours. 35mL of water was added dropwise. 12.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid wasadded dropwise, diluted with 20 mL of ethyl acetate, and the layers wereseparated. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with 20 mL of ethylacetate. The organic layers were combined, and washed successively with10 mL of water and 10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After concentrated under reduced pressure, the concentrationresidue was dissolved in 1 mL of ethanol, and allowed to standovernight. Crystals were filtered, and washed with 0.2 mL of ethanol.The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, 0.5 mL of ethylacetate and 1 mL of IPE were added to the concentration residue,crystals were loosened, filtered, and washed with 0.75 mL of ethylacetate/IPE=1/10.75 ml. Vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weightafforded 0.5 g of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 61%).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 5.

Example 9 Preparation of isopropyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

50 mL of 0.1N hydrochloric acid was added to 5 g of zinc powders, themixture was stirred vigorously for 10 minutes, filtered, and washedsuccessively with 30 mL of water, 30 mL of ethanol, and 30 mL of ether.Zinc was filtered, followed by vacuum drying at 100° C. for 8 hours.Under argon atmosphere, 4 mL of THF and 0.075 mL (0.59 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 0.52 g (8 mmol) of the zinc powders.The mixture was stirred at 25˜28° C. for 2 minutes, and a solution of1.04 mL (8 mmol) of isopropyl bromoacetate in 10 mL of THF was addedover 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 45˜50° C. for 45 minutes. Asolution of 0.94 g (1.8 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 7.5 mLof THF was added dropwise at −33˜−35° C. over 5 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at −43˜−35° C. for 30 minutes, at 15˜25° C. for 3 hours, and at45˜50° C. for 50 minutes. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 25° C., diluted with 25 mL of ethyl acetate, 5 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added, and the layers were separated. The organiclayer was washed successively with 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid twotimes, 10 mL of water, 5 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 5 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After concentrated under reduced pressure, 2 mL of ethyl acetate wasadded to the concentration residue. Crystals were filtered, and washedwith 1 mL of ethyl acetate. Vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weightafforded 0.78 g ofisopropyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate.(yield 70%).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.06 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 3.06(3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 3.30 (2H, dd, J=86, 16 Hz), 4.93 (1H, quint, J=6.3Hz), 5.20 (1H, s), 6.33 (1H, d, J=4.1 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=1.3 Hz),7.07-7.11 (6H, m), 7.26-7.39 (10H, m), 7.71-7.83 (4H, m), 8.02 (1H, s),8.21 (1H, s).

Example 10 Preparation of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

3 mL of THF and 0.17 g (1.25 mmol, 8 eq) of zinc chloride were added to0.095 g (2.51 mmol, 8 eq) of sodium borohydride. The mixture was stirredat 25° C. for 10 minutes. 0.2 g (0.31 mmol) of isopropyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas added. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 31 hours. After cooledto 25° C., 3 droplets of water was added dropwise, 11 mL of water, 1 mLof an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution and 12 mL of ethylacetate were added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer waswashed successively with a mixed solution of 1 mL of an aqueoussaturated ammonium chloride solution and 8 mL of water, and 8 mL ofwater 2 times. After concentrated under reduced pressure, theconcentration residue was loosened with 4 mL of water, and crystals werefiltered. Vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.15 g of6-[1,3-dihydroxyl-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide(yield 76%).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 1.

Example 11 Preparation of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

8 mL of THF and 0.15 mL (1.18 mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were addedto 1.04 g (16 mmol) of zinc powders, and the mixture was stirred at35˜40° C. for 5 minutes. A solution of 2.36 mL (16 mmol) of tert-butylbromoacetate in 20 mL of THF was added dropwise at 45˜52° C. over 10minutes. The mixture was stirred at 65˜67° C. for 1 hour, and cooled to25° C. 8.5 mL of THF was added to 1.32 g (4.5 mmol, 1.25 eq) of(+)-cinchonine. The above Reformatsky reagent was added dropwise at 4˜6°C. over 15 minutes. 1.16 mL (14.4 mmol, 4 eq) of pyridine was addeddropwise at 5˜7° C. over 2 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 5˜6° C.for 30 minutes. A solution of 1.88 g (3.6 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 15 mLof THF was added dropwise at −44˜−39° C. over 7 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at −44˜−35° C. for 5 hours and 20 minutes. 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was warmed to 0° C. Themixture was diluted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added, and the layers were separated. The organiclayer was washed successively with 20 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid 2times, 20 mL of water, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. To the organic layer were added 10 mL of 0.1Nhydrochloric acid, 10 mL of water and 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed with 20 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution, and concentrated at 20° C.or lower under reduced pressure. 10 mL of n-hexane was added to theconcentration residue, crystals were loosened, filtered, and washed with10 mL of n-hexane. Air drying to a constant weight afforded 2.48 g oftert-butyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(enantiomer excess 95.0% ee).

15 mL of THF was added to 0.47 g (12.5 mmol, 8 eq) of sodiumborohydride. 0.85 g (6.27 mmol, 4 eq) of zinc chloride was added at 30°C., and the mixture was stirred at 35˜37° C. for 15 minutes. 1 g (1.57mmol) of tert-butyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas added at 35° C. The mixture was stirred at 45˜49° C. for 24 hoursand 30 minutes. 5 mL of water was added dropwise at 35° C. or lower. 15mL of water and 5 mL of an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solutionwere added, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 6 hours. Afterdiluted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate, 10 mL of ethanol and 10 mL ofwater, insoluble materials were filtered. The filtrate was separated,and the organic layer was washed successively with 20 mL of water and 20mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After concentratedunder reduced pressure, 1 mL of ethyl acetate and 2 mL of IPE were addedto the concentration residue, crystals were loosened, filtered, andwashed with 1.25 mL of ethyl acetate/IPE=1/1 two times. Vacuum drying(40° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.48 g of6-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthamide (yield 58%).

¹H NMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 5.

Example 12 Preparation of6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N,N-diisopropyl-2-naphthamide

1.5 mL of ethanol and 1.5 mL of THF were added to 0.11 g (2.94 mmol, 8eq) of sodium borohydride. 0.16 g (1.47 mmol, 4 eq) of calcium chloridewas added at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 0˜3° C. for 25minutes. 0.25 g (0.37 mmol) of ethyl3-{6-[(diisopropylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas added at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜23° C. for 8 hours and15 minutes. 13 mL of water was added dropwise, and the mixture wasstirred at 25° C. for 15 minutes. Crystals were filtered, and washedwith water. Vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.21 gof6-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]-N,N-diisopropyl-2-naphthamide(yield 90%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.34 (12H, br s), 2.27-2.40 (1H, m), 2.48-2.61 (1H,m), 3.70 (2H, t, J=5.0 Hz), 3.83 (3H, br s), 4.54 (1H, s), 6.78 (1H, d,J=1.6 Hz), 7.08-7.17 (6H, m), 7.28-7.40 (11H, m), 7.51 (1H, dd, J=8.4,1.8 Hz), 7.71-7.81 (3H, m), 7.97 (1H, s).

Reference Example 5 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, a solution of 8.44 mL (76.5 mmol) of ethylbromoacetate in 35 mL of THF was added to a solution of 5 g of Rieke-Znin 105 mL of THF at 19˜21° C. over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirredat 20˜25° C. for 20 minutes, and allowed to stand for 3 hours and 30minutes. 1.26 g (4.3 mmol, 1.25 eq) of (+)-cinchonine was added to 30 mLof the above Reformatsky reagent at 8° C. 1.1 mL (13.8 mmol, 4 eq) ofpyridine was added dropwise at 5˜7° C. The mixture was stirred at 4˜7°C. for 15 minutes, and a solution of 1.79 g (3.4 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 15 mLof THF was added dropwise at −8˜−6° C. The mixture was stirred at−10˜−8° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid wasadded dropwise, and the mixture was warmed to 0° C. After diluted with50 mL of ethyl acetate, 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added, and thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 20mL of 1N hydrochloric acid two times, 20 mL of water, 20 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 20 mL of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After concentrated under reducedpressure, 4 mL of ethyl acetate and 2 mL of IPE were added to theconcentration residue. Crystals were filtered, and washed with 2 mL ofethyl acetate three times. Vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weightafforded 1.41 g of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphty}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield68%, enantiomer excess 63.1% ee).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 4.

Reference Example 6 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

150 mL of ethanol and 6.9 mL (23.5 mmol, 3 eq) of titaniumtetraisopropoxide were added to 5 g (7.84 mmol) of tert-butyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate.The mixture was stirred at 60˜65° C. for 28 hours and 40 minutes. 50 mLof 1N hydrochloric acid was added to at 0˜10° C., followed by dilutionwith 150 mL of ethyl acetate. 50 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution was added, and the layers were separated. The organiclayer was washed successively with a mixed solution of 25 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid and 65 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution two times, 25 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 50 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution twotimes. After concentrated under reduced pressure, 50 mL of ethylacetate, 10 mL of THF and 10 mL of water were added to the concentrationresidue and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution two times. Afterconcentrated under reduced pressure, 15 mL of IPE was added to theconcentrated residue, crystals were loosened, filtered, and washed with5 mL of IPE two times. Vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weightafforded 3.8 g of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 80%, enantiomer excess 94.8% ee).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 4.

Further, a Reformatsky reagent in a stable form useful for a Reformatskyreaction which is used in STEP 04 of synthesizing a steroid C_(17,20)lyase inhibitor of the present invention was synthesized.

Example 13 Preparation of ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclear complexcrystal((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂)

Under argon atmosphere, 200 mL of THF and 5 mL (39.4 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 52.3 g (0.8 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 30 minutes. Asolution of 44.4 mL (0.4 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 500 mL of THF wasadded dropwise at 22˜45° C. The mixture was stirred at 32˜45° C. for 1hour, and allowed to cool to 25° C.

After cooling, zinc was removed by filtration under nitrogen atmosphere,followed by washing with 150 mL of THF. The filtrate was concentrated toabout 150 mL under reduced pressure (crystals precipitated). Afterstirring under ice-cooling, crystals were filtered at nitrogen pressure.After washing with 20 mL of THF, nitrogen was supplied to completion ofremoval of a liquid to obtain 88.9 g of ethyl bromozincacetate THFbinuclear complex crystals ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) (white crystals, yield73%).

¹H HMR (DMSO-d₆), (ppm): δ 1.10 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.20 (4H, s),1.74-1.82 (8H, m), 3.54-3.66 (8H, m), 3.84 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz).

¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆), (ppm): δ 177.7, 67.3, 57.5, 25.4, 19.6, 15.0.

¹H HMR (pyridine-d₅), (ppm): δ 1.06 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.86 (4H, s),1.57-1.69 (8H, m), 3.59-3.72 (8H, m), 4.07 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz).

¹³C NMR (pyridine-d₅), (ppm): δ 179.4, 67.6, 58.0, 25.6, 18.7, 14.7.

¹H HMR (THF-d₈), (ppm): δ 1.17 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.86 (4H, s),1.69-1.79 (8H, m), 3.54-3.64 (8H, m), 4.04 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz).

¹³C NMR (THF-d₈), (ppm): δ 187.0, 68.2, 61.6, 22.0, 61.6, 14.7.

FT-IR (Micro-ATR method) (cm⁻¹): 3512, 2983, 2897, 1736, 1695, 1589,1446, 1371, 1286, 1244, 1070, 1022, 918, 858, 769.

Example 14 X-ray crystallographic structural analysis of ethylbromozincacetate.THF binuclear complex crystal ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂)

A structure of the resulting ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclearcomplex crystal ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) was analyzed by X-raycrystallography. This confirmed that this crystal has a structure shownin FIG. 1. Bond lengths and bond angles in this structure are shown inTable 1 and Table 2, and crystallographic data and precise structuraldata are shown in Table 3. TABLE 1 Bond Lengths for Crystal of EthylBromozincacetate.THF Binuclear Complex ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) BOND LENGTH(Å) BOND LENGTH (Å) Br(1)—Zn(2) 2.334 Zn(2)—C(3) 1.996 Zn(2)—O(5) 2.029Zn(2)—O(9) 2.049 C(3)—C(4) 1.21 C(4)—O(5) 1.47 C(4)—O(6) 1.33 O(6)—C(7)1.46 C(7)—C(8) 1.41 O(9)—C(10) 1.42 C(9)—C(13) 1.42 C(10)—C(11) 1.49C(11)—C(12) 1.37 C(12)—C(13) 1.42

TABLE 2 Bond Angles for Crystal of Ethyl Bromozincacetate.THF BinuclearComplex ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) BOND ANGLE (°) BOND ANGLE (°)Br(1)—Zn(2)—C(3) 112.4 Br(1)—Zn(2)—O(5) 122.5 Br(1)—Zn(2)—O(9) 105.0C(3)—Zn(2)—O(5) 109.9 C(3)—Zn(2)—O(9) 91.3 O(5)—Zn(2)—O(9) 111.2Zn(2)—C(3)—C(4) 129.6 C(3)—C(4)—O(5) 125 C(3)—C(4)—O(6) 120.6O(5)—C(4)—O(6) 113 Zn(2)—O(5)—C(4) 108.1 C(4)—O(6)—C(7) 116O(6)—C(7)—C(8) 111 Zn(2)—O(9)—C(10) 122.6 Zn(2)—O(9)—C(13) 122.8C(10)—O(9)—C(13) 109.7 O(9)—C(10)—C(11) 104 C(10)—C(11)—C(12) 108C(11)—C(12)—C(13) 109 O(9)—C(13)—C(12) 106

TABLE 3 Crystallographic Data and Structure Refinenment MolecularFormula C₈H₁₅BrO₃Zn Formula Weight 304.49 Crystal Color, Habitcolorless, prismatic Crystal System monoclinic Lattice Parameters a =19.93(1) Å b = 8.347(7) Å c = 17.860(8) Å β = 125.94(3) V = 2405(2) Å³Space Group C2/c(#15) Z Value   8 D_(calc) 1.682 g/cm³ No. ofIndependent Reflections 2074 (R_(int) = 0.086) No. of ObservedReflections 1509 No. of Variables  118 Residuals: R; R_(w)   0.079;0.233 Goodness of Fit Indicator   1.04 Max Shift/Error in Final Cycle0.00 Maximum peak in Final Diff. Map   1.21 e⁻/Å³ Minimum peak in FinalDiff. Map −1.40 e⁻/Å³

Example 15 Preparation of ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclear complexcrystal ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂)

Under argon atmosphere, 100 mL of cyclopentyl methyl ether and 5.1 mL(40 mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 52.3 g (0.8 gram atoms)of zinc powders, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 20minutes. A solution of 42.2 mL (0.4 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 250 mLof cyclopentyl methyl ether was added dropwise at 30˜40° C. The mixturewas stirred at 30˜40° C. for 30 minutes, and allowed to cool to 25° C.

After cooling, zinc was removed by filtration under nitrogen atmosphere.65 mL (0.80 mmol) of THF was added dropwise to the filtrate at 0˜10° C.to precipitate crystals. After stirred for 2 hours, crystals werefiltered under nitrogen pressure. After washed with 40 mL of cyclopentylmethyl ether, nitrogen was supplied until completion of removal of aliquid, to obtain 113 g of ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclear complexcrystal ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) (white crystals, yield corrected based oncontained solvent 75.0%.

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 13.

Example 16 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 3.96 g (6.50 mmol,0.65 equivalent (equivalent relative to a carbonyl compound as astarting raw material; the same, hereinafter)) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂.Under argon atmosphere, a solution of 1.06 g (10 mmol) of benzaldehydein 5 mL of THF was added dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixturewas stirred at 0˜5° C. for 3 hours. 25 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid wasadded dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL ofethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer waswashed successively with 10 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 20 mL of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressureafforded 1.76 g of the desired product (yield 91%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.67-2.82 (2H, m), 3.26(1H, d, J=3.4 Hz), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.14 (1H, quint, J=4.0 Hz),7.27-7.40 (5H, m).

Example 17 Preparation of ethyl 3-(2-furyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 0.96 g (10 mmol) of 2-furfural in 5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C.for 3 hours. 25 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C.or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×3) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.77 g of thedesired product (yield 91%).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.79-2.95 (2H, m), 3.24(1H, brs), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.14 (1H, brs), 6.28 (1H, d, J=3.2Hz), 6.33 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

Example 18 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 3.96 g (6.50 mmol,0.65 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.20 g (10 mmol) of acetophenone in 5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C.for 3 hours. 25 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C.or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL (×2) of hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.99 g of the desiredproduct (yield 96%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.13 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.54 (3H, s), 2.88 (2H,dd, J=56.7, 15.9 Hz), 4.06 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.37 (1H, s), 7.20-7.47(5H, m).

Example 19 Preparation of ethyl (1-hydroxycyclohexyl) acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 0.98 g (10 mmol) of cyclohexanone in 5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 3 hours. 15 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C.or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.76 gof the desired product (yield 95%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.38-1.74 (10H, m),2.46 (2H, s), 3.40 (1H, s), 4.17 (2H, q, J=7.1Hz).

Example 20 Preparation of ethyl (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solution of0.84 g (10 mmol) of cyclopentanone in 5 mL of THF was added dropwisewhile stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 3hours. 15 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.73 gof the desired product (yield 94%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.54-1.68 (4H, m),1.77-1.89 (4H, m), 2.60 (2H, s), 3.37 (1H, s), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz).

Example 21 Preparation of ethyl (1-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 0.96 g (10 mmol) of 2-cyclohexen-1-one in 5 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5°C. for 3 hours. 15 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20°C. or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.61 gof the desired product (yield 94%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.60-2.05 (6H, m), 2.55(2H, dd, J=19.3, 15.6 Hz), 3.57 (1H, s), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.67(1H, d, J=10.0 Hz), 5.80-5.86 (1H, m).

Example 22 Preparation of ethyl (4E)-3-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylpent-4-enoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 1.04 g (5 mmol) of (E)-chalcone in 2.5 mL of THF was added dropwisewhile stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 3hours. 7.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.44 gof the desired product (yield 97%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.17 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.04 (2H, dd, J=22.8,15.7 Hz), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.81 (1H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz),6.66 (1H, d J=16.0 Hz), 7.25-7.53 (10H, m).

Example 23 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylhex-4-enoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.73 g (5 mmol) of phenyl propenyl ketone in 2.5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 3 hours. 7.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3) afforded 1.09 g of the desiredproduct (yield 93%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.16 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.69 (3H, d, J=5.2 Hz),2.91 (2H, dd, J=24.2, 15.8 Hz), 4.09 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.60-5.76 (2H,m), 7.23-7.46 (5H, m).

Example 24 Preparation of diethyl (2E)-4-hydroxy-4-phenylhex-2-enedioate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 1.02 g (5 mmol) of trans-ethyl 3-benzoylacrylate in 2.5 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. for 3 hours. 7.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwiseat 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate.Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing,the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.42 g of the desiredproduct (yield 97%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz),2.99 (2H, dd, J=36.0, 16.1 Hz), 4.08-4.20 (4H, m), 4.84 (1H, s), 6.14(1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 7.23-7.46 (5H, m).

Example 25 Preparation of ethyl(4E)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenylpent-4-enoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.73 g (5 mmol) of trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in 2.5 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. for 3 hours. 8.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwiseat 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate.Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing,the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.17 g of the desiredproduct (yield 100%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.23 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.42 (3H, s), 2.66 (2H,dd, J=19.5, 15.6 Hz), 4.05 (1H, s), 4.15 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.27 (1H, d,J=16.0 Hz), 6.64 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 7.20-7.39 (5H, m).

Example 26 Preparation of ethyl (4E)-3-hydroxy-3-pentylhex-4-enoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.0equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.70 g (5 mmol) of trans-3-nonen-2-one in 2.5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 3 hours. 8.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C.or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration under reducedpressure afforded 1.13 g of the desired product (yield 99%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.23-1.40 (12H, m),2.00 (2H, q, J=7.7 Hz), 2.54 (2H, dd, J=18.7, 15.5 Hz), 3.84 (1H, s),4.15 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.49-5.71 (2H, m).

Example 27 Preparation of ethyl (1-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 20 mL of toluene was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 0.48 g (5 mmol) of 2-cyclohexen-1-one in 5 mL of toluene wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5°C. for 3 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20°C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution, and 10 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 0.87 gof the desired product (yield 95%).

1N NMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 21.

Example 28 Preparation of ethyl (1-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 20 mL of ethyl acetate was added to 3.05 g (5mmol, 1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 0.48 g (5 mmol) of 2-cyclohexen-1-one in 5 mL of ethylacetate was added dropwise while stirring at 0˜50C. The mixture wasstirred at 0˜5° C. for 3 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethylacetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL (×2) of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 10 mL of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressureafforded 0.80 g of the desired product (yield 87%).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 21.

Example 29 Preparation of ethyl 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 12.2 g (20 mmol,4.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.03 g (5 mmol) of benzonitrile in 2.5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 27 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20°C. or lower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C., followed bydilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated.The organic layer was washed successively with 15 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution, 20 mL (×3)of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 20 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organiclayer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration underreduced pressure afforded 1.64 g of the desired product (yield 85%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),[3.99 (s), 5.67 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H), 4.18-4.31 (2H, m), 7.44-7.96 (5H,m).

Example 30 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxopropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivlanet) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.17 g (10 mmol) of p-tolunitrile in 5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred 20˜25° C. for46 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour, followed bydilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated.The organic layer was washed successively with 15 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution, 20 mL (×2)of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 20 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organiclayer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration underreduced pressure afforded 1.88 g of the desired product (yield 91%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.33 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),[2.39 (s), 2.42 (s)] (3H), [3.96 (s), 5.63 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H),4.17-4.24 (2H, m), 7.20-7.86 (4H, m).

Example 31 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.33 g (10 mmol) of anisonitrile in 5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 92 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20°C. or lower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour and 35minutes, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 15mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 2.08 g of thedesired product (yield 94%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.33 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),3.87 (3H, s), [3.94 (s), 5.58 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H), 4.17-4.24 (2H, m),6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.93 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz).

Example 32 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.21 g (10 mmol) of 4-fluorobenzonitrile in 5 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. for 26 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 20° C. or lower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 1 hour, followed by dilution with ethyl acetate. Then, the layerswere separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 15 mL of1N hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.96 g of thedesired product (yield 93%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),[3.96 (s), 5.61 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H), 4.18-4.25 (2H, m), 7.07-8.02 (4H,m).

Example 33 Preparation of ethyl 3-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.21 g (10 mmol) of 2-fluorobenzonitrile in 5 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C.˜25° C. for 46 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid added dropwise at20° C. or lower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25C. for 1 hour,followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers wereseparated. The organic layer was washed successively with 15 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.94 g of thedesired product (yield 92%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),[3.98 (s), 5.84 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H), 4.17-4.28 (2H, m), 7.08-7.97 (4H,m).

Example 34 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxopropanoate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 30 mL of THF was added to 6.09 g (10 mmol,1.0 equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, asolution of 1.48 g (10 mmol) of p-nitrobenzonitrile in 10 mL of THF wasadded dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. for 21 hours. 15 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 20° C. or lower, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 2 hours, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 15mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution, 20 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 20 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After concentration under reduced pressure, crystals wereloosened with n-hexane, filtered, and washed with n-hexane. After vacuumdrying (40° C.), 2.09 g of the desired product was obtained (yield 88%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ [1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.35 (t, J=7.1 Hz)] (3H),[4.03 (s), 5.76 (s), 12.6 (s)] (2H), 4.19-4.34 (2H, m), 7.92-8.35 (4H,m).

Example 35 Preparation of ethyl(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.36 g (3.33 mmol) of p-benzoquinone in 2.5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 1 hour. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3, 1/2) afforded 0.46 g of the desiredproduct (yield 70%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.70 (2H, s), 4.19 (2H,q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.36 (1H, s), 6.17 (2H, d, J=10.1 Hz), 6.98 (2H, d, J=10.1Hz).

Example 36 Preparation of ethyl(1-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.45 g (3.33 mmol) of 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone in 3 mL of THF wasadded 15 dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then,the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed successivelywith 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of anaqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organiclayer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentrationunder reduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3, 1/2) afforded 0.65 g of the desiredproduct (yield 87%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.88 (3H, d, J=1.4 Hz),2.07 (3H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 2.48 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 2.88 (1H, d, J=15.4Hz), 3.76 (1H, s), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.06 (1H, d, J=1.3 Hz), 6.77(1H, d, J=1.5 Hz).

Example 37 Preparation of ethyl(2,5-dichloro-1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.59 g (3.33 mmol) of 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone in 6.5 mL of THFwas added dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at20˜25° C. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate, and the layerswere separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL (×2)of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3, 1/2) afforded 0.81 g of the desiredproduct (yield 92%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.29 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.71 (1H, d, J=16.1Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.23 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.30 (1H, s), 6.54(1H, s), 7.24 (1H, s).

Example 38 Preparation of ethyl(1-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.45 g (3.33 mmol) of 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone in 4 mL ofTHF was added dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirredat 20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwiseat 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate.Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2)of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After cooling, theorganic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentrationunder reduced pressure afforded 0.79 g of the desired product (yield94%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.09 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.84 (6H, d, J=0.9 Hz),2.05 (6H, d, J=0.9 Hz), 2.76 (1H, s), 2.77 (2H, s), 3.96 (2H, q, J=7.1Hz).

Example 39 Preparation of ethyl(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.82 g (3.33 mmol) of 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in 26 mLof THF was added dropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture wasstirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethylacetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing,the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.04 g of the desiredproduct (yield 94%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.22 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.17 (2H, s), 4.13 (2H,q, J=7.2 Hz), 4.25 (1H, s).

Example 40 Preparation of ethyl(1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂.

Under argon atmosphere, a solution of 0.45 g (3.33 mmol) of2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone in 3 mL of THF was added dropwise whilestirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 5mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower,followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers wereseparated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL (×2) of1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration under reducedpressure, purification with silica gel column (developing solvent; ethylacetate/n-hexane=1/3) afforded 0.60 g of the desired product (yield80%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.89 (6H, s), 2.64 (2H,s), 3.87 (1H, s), 4.22 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.68 (2H, s).

Example 41 Preparation of ethyl(3,5-dichloro-1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 6 mL of THF was added to 1.22 g (2 mmol, 0.6equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. A solution of 0.59 g (3.33 mmol) of2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone in 3 mL of THF was added dropwise whilestirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 5mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower,followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers wereseparated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL (×2) of1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration under reducedpressure, purification with silica gel column (developing solvent; ethylacetate/n-hexane=1/3) afforded 0.76 g of the desired product (NMR yield74%; internal standard trioxane). As a purified product, 0.48 g of thedesired product was obtained (yield 54%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.77 (2H, s), 4.21-4.29(3H, m), 7.15 (2H, s).

Example 42 Preparation of diethyl(1,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1,4-yl)diacetate

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mL of THF was added to 3.05 g (5 mmol, 1.5equivalent) of (BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂. Under argon atmosphere, a solutionof 0.36 g (3.33 mmol) of p-benzoquinone in 2.5 mL of THF was addeddropwise while stirring at 0˜5° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C.for 3 hours. 7.5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C.or lower, followed by dilution with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 10 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/1) afforded 0.62 g of the desiredproduct (yield 66%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.26 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.66 (4H, s), 3.49 (2H,s), 4.15 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.97 (4H, s). ¹H HMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): δ 1.27(6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.55 (4H, s), 3.58 (2H, s), 4.17 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz),5.96 (4H, s). (a cis compound and a trans compound were isolated, andmeasured by ¹H NMR)

Example 43 Preparation of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 10 L of THF and 253 mL (2 mol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 2616 g (40 gram atoms) of zincpowders. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of2212 mL (20 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 25 L of THF was added dropwiseat 25˜35° C. The mixture was stirred at 31˜35° C. for 30 minutes. Thesolution was allowed to cool to 25° C., to obtain 37 L of an about 0.535M solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 44 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 21.2 g (72 mmol, 1.25 equivalent) of(+)-cinchonine was added to 431 mL (0.23 mol) of the solution of ethylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 at 0˜5° C.18.6 mL (230 mmol, 4 equivalent) of pyridine was added dropwise at 0˜5°C. over 7 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 20 minutes. Asolution of 30 g (57.5 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 300 mLof THF was added dropwise at −42˜−40° C. over 30 minutes. The mixturewas stirred at −45˜−40° C. for 1 hour. 430 mL of 1N hydrochloric acidwas added dropwise, diluted with 430 mL of ethyl acetate, and themixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 30 minutes. After the layers wereseparated, the organic layer was washed successively with 290 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid, 290 mL of water, 290 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, and 290 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution. After washing and concentration under reducedpressure, to the concentration residue was added 90 mL of ethyl acetate,and this was warmed to 50° C. to dissolve it. The solution was stirredat 20˜25° C. for 1 hour. 90 mL of IPE was added, and the mixture wasstirred at 0˜5° C. for 2 hours. Crystals were filtered, and washed with30 mL of IPE. After washing, vacuum drying (50° C.) to a constant weightafforded 29.2 g of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 83%, enantiomer excess 93.5% ee).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.13 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.05 (3H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 3.33(2H, dd, J=98, 16 Hz), 4.04-4.13 (2H, m), 5.14 (1H, s), 6.35 (1H, brs),6.84 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.07-7.11 (6H, m), 7.26-7.38 (10H, m), 7.69-7.84(4H, m), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, s).

Example 45 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 0.37 g (1.25 mmol, 1.25 equivalent) ofhydrocinchonine was added to 4.7 mL (2.5 mmol, 2.5 equivalent) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 43 at 4˜5° C. 0.32 mL (4 mmol, 4 equivalents) of pyridine wasadded dropwise at 5˜6° C. The mixture was stirred at 3˜6° C. for 20minutes. A solution of 0.52 g (1 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 5.2 mLof THF was added dropwise at −36˜−34° C. The mixture was stirred at−40˜−34° C. for 1 hour and 15 minutes.

Further, 1.9 mL (1 mmol, 1 equivalent) of the solution of ethylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 was addeddropwise at −40˜−35° C. The mixture was stirred at −40˜−38° C. for 2hours. 15 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After concentration under reducedpressure, 5 mL of IPE was added to the concentration residue, this wasrecrystallized, crystals were filtered, and washed with 3 mL of IPE.After washing, vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.49g of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 80%, enantiomer excess 90.9% ee).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 44.

Example 46 Preparation of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 5.6 mL (2.96 mmol, 1 equivalent) of the solutionof ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 wasadded dropwise to a solution of 1 g (2.96 mmol) of1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-carbaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 3˜6° C. Themixture was stirred at 0˜5° C. for 1 hour and 25 minutes. 5.6 mL (2.96mmol, 1 equivalent) of the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate intetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 was added dropwise at 0˜3° C. Themixture was stirred at 2˜3° C. for 5 hours and 30 minutes. 5 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed bydilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated.The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration under reduced pressure,recrystallization with 3 mL of IPE afforded 1.16 g of the desiredproduct (yield 92%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.22 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.83-2.86 (2H, m), 4.13 (2H,q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.09-5.13 (1H, m), 6.78 (1H, s), 7.10-7.15 (6H, m),7.26-7.39 (10, m).

Example 47 Preparation of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-(5-methyl-1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 3.2 mL (1.70 mmol, 2 equivalents) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 43 was added dropwise to a solution of 0.3 g. (0.85 mmol) of5-methyl-1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-carbaldehyde in 3 mL of THF at 4˜7° C.The mixture was stirred at 2˜5° C. for 2 hours. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 15mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layerwas washed successively with 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL ofwater, 2.5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution,and 2.5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. Afterwashing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After concentration under reduced pressure, recrystallization with 3 mLof IPE afforded 0.30 g of the desired product. (yield 80%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.25 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.47 (3H, s), 2.74-2.81 (1H,m), 2.98-3.06 (1H, m), 4.14 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.02-5.06 (1H, m),7.10-7.16 (6H, m), 7.30-7.33 (10, m).

Example 48 Preparation of ethyl3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 7.5 mL (4.01 mmol, 2 equivalents) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in terahydrofuran obtained in Example43 was added dropwise to a solution of 0.5 g (2.01 mmol) of3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxybenzaldehyde in 5 mL of THF at 5˜7° C. Themixture was stirred at 5˜7° C. for 4 hours. 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acidwas added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 15 mLof ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer waswashed successively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL ofwater, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution,and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. Afterwashing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After concentration under reduced pressure, crystals were loosened with4 mL of n-hexane to obtain 0.58 g of the desired product (yield 86%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.26-1.31 (12H, m), 1.39 (9H, s), 2.74-2.78 (2H, m),3.26 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.21 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.49-5.54(1H, m), 7.30 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz).

Example 49 Preparation of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 30.9 mL (16.5 mmol, 2 equivalent) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 43 was added dropwise to a solution of 1 g (8.25 mmol) of2-methylpyridinecarboxyaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 5˜10° C. The mixturewas stirred at 0˜5° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes. 10 mL of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, insolublematerials were removed by filtration. The layers of the filtrate wereseparated, and the organic layer was washed successively with 10 mL (×3)of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of anaqueous saturated chloride solution. After washing, the organic layerwas dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3) afforded 1.48 g of the desiredproduct (yield 86%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.54 (3H, s), 2.67-2.75 (1H,m), 2.82-2.89 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.49 (1H, d, J=5.5 Hz),5.11-5.17 (1H, m), 7.06 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.58(1H, d, J=7.7 Hz).

Example 50 Preparation of ethyl trifluoro-3-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 20 mL (10.7 mmol, 2 equivalents) of the solutionof ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 wasadded dropwise to a solution of 0.75 mL (5.35 mmol) oftrifluoroacetophenone in 2.75 mL of THF at 7˜9° C. The mixture wasstirred at 4˜5° C. for 4 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addeddropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethylacetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2)of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, theorganic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentrationunder reduced pressure afforded 1.54 g of the desired product (NMR yield97%; internal standard dioxane).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.16 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.15 (2H, s), 4.07-4.15 (2H,m), 5.28 (1H, s), 7.36-7.43 (3H, m), 7.58-7.60 (2H, m).

Example 51 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)butanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 20 mL (10.7 mmol, 2 equivalent) of the solutionof ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 wasadded dropwise to a solution of 0.74 mL (5.35 mmol) ofo-methoxyacetophenone in 2.75 mL of THF at 7˜10° C. The mixture wasstirred at to 4˜6° C. for 4 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid wasadded dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 30 mL ofethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer waswashed successively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL ofwater, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution,and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. Afterwashing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Concentration under reduced pressure afforded 1.43 g of the desiredproduct (NMR yield 96%; internal standard dioxane).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.07 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.63 (3H, s), 2.86 (1H, d,J=15.0 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 3.99 (2H, q, J=7.1Hz), 4.54 (1H, s), 6.87-6.99 (2H, m), 7.21-7.27 (1H, m), 7.56-7.59 (1H,m).

Example 52 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere,. 20 mL (10.7 mmol, 2 equivalents) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 43 was added dropwise to a solution of 0.65 mL (5.35 mmol) ofo-methoxybenzaldehyde in 2.75 mL of THF at 5˜10° C. The mixture wasstirred at 5˜7° C. for 4 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was addedat 20° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate.Then, the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2)of an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, theorganic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentrationunder reduced pressure afforded 1.32 g of the desired produce (NMR yield88%; internal standard trioxane).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.66-2.86 (2H, m), 3.44-3.49(1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.33-5.39 (1H, m),6.86-7.00 (1H, m), 7.23-7.29 (1H, m), 7.41-7.44 (1H, m).

Example 53 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-pyridin-2-ylpropanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 39 mL (21 mmol, 2 equivalent) of the solution ofethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 43 wasadded dropwise to a solution of 1 mL (10.5 mmol) of2-pyridinecarboxyaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 5˜12° C. The mixture wasstirred at 5˜10° C. for 3 hours. 15 mL of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed bydilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, insoluble materials wereremoved by filtration. The layers of the filtrate were separated and theorganic layer was washed successively with 10 mL (×4) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 10 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, ethyl acetate was added, insoluble materials werefiltered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain 1.87 g of the desired product (NMR yield 83%; internal standarddioxane).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.25 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.72-2.94 (2H, m), 4.14-4.30(3H, m), 5.16-5.20 (1H, m), 7.19-7.27 (1H, m), 7.42 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz),7.68-7.73 (1H, m), 8.55 (1H, d, J=4.7 Hz).

Example 54 Preparation of ethyl 3-hydoxy-3-quinolin-2-ylpropanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 23.8 mL (12.7 mmol, 2 equivalent) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 43 was added dropwise to a solution of 1 g (6.36 mmol) of2-quinolinecarboxyaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 7˜11° C. The mixture wasstirred at 0˜5° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes. 10 mL of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise at 20° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, insolublematerials were removed by filtration. The layers of the filtrate wereseparated, and the organic layer was washed successively with 10 mL (×2)of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 10 mL (×2) ofan aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, theorganic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentrationunder reduced pressure afforded 1.70 g of the desired product (NMR yield74%; internal standard trioxane).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.25 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.78-2.86 (1H, m), 2.94-3.00(1H, m), 4.20 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.86 (1H, d, J=5.3 Hz), 5.32-5.38 (1H,m), 7.48-7.57 (2H, m), 7.70-7.75 (1H, m), 7.80-7.84 (1H, m), 8.06 (1H,d, J=8.5 Hz), 8.18 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz)

Example 55 Preparation of Solution of Methyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 16 mL of THF and 0.24 mL (1.92 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 4.18 g (0.064 gram atoms) of zincpowders. The mixture was stirred at 26° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of3.14 mL (32 mmol) of methyl bromoacetate in 40 mL of THF was addeddropwise at 26˜45° C. The mixture was stirred at 30˜45° C. for 50minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., to obtain 59 mL of an about0.530 M solution of methyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 56 Preparation of methyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 0.49 g (1.66 mmol, 1.25 equivalents) of(+)-cinchonine was added to 10 mL (5.4 mmol) of the solution of methylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 55 at 5˜8° C.0.43 mL (5.32 mmol, 4 equivalents) of pyridine was added dropwise at6˜8° C. The mixture was stirred at 4˜6° C. for 20 minutes. A solution of0.69 g (1.32 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 6.9 mLof THF was added dropwise at −35˜−40° C. The mixture, was stirred at−40˜−35° C. for 1 hour. 2.5 mL (1.32 mmol) of the solution of methylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 55 was addeddropwise at −40° C., and the mixture was stirred at −40˜−35° C. for 1hour. 20 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 0° C. orlower, followed by dilution with 30 mL of ethyl acetate. The layers wereseparated. The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, 5 mL of water, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium chloride solution. After washing and concentrationunder reduced pressure, 4 mL of IPE was added, crystals were loosened,filtered, and washed with 1 mL (×2) of IPE. After washing, vacuum drying(40° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.72 g of methyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 92%, enantiomer excess 93.6% ee).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.05 (3H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 3.34 (2H, dd, J=108, 16.1 Hz),3.62 (3H, s), 5.09 (1H, s), 6.37 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=1.5Hz), 7.05-7.10 (5H, m), 7.26-7.31 (10H, m), 7.39 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz),7.67-7.84 (4H, m), 8.01 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, s).

Example 57 Preparation of Solution of n-Propyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 16 mL of THF and 0.24 mL (1.92 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 4.18 g (0.064 gram atoms) of zincpowders. The mixture was stirred at 23˜25° C. for 30 minutes. A solutionof 4.14 mL (32 mmol) of n-propyl bromoacetate in 40 mL of THF was addeddropwise at 23˜36° C. The mixture was stirred at 25˜35° C. for 30minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., to obtain 60 mL of an about0.530 M solution of n-propyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 58 Preparation of n-propyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 0.49 g (1.66 mmol, 1.25 equivalents) of(+)-cichonine was added to 6.2 mL (3.3 mmol, 2.5 equivalents) of thesolution of n-propyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 57 at 3˜4° C. 0.43 mL (5.32 mmol, 4 equivalents) of pyridine wasadded dropwise at 4˜6° C. The mixture was stirred at 3˜5° C. for 20minutes. A solution of 0.69 g (1.32 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide in 6.9 mLof THF was added dropwise at −41˜−35° C. 2.5 mL (1.32 mmol, 1equivalent) of the solution of n-propyl bromozincacetate intetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 57 was added at −43˜−36° C., and themixture was stirred at −43˜−37° C. for 2 hours. 10 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid was added at 0° C. or lower, followed by dilution with 30 mL ofethyl acetate. The layers were separated. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5 mL (×3) of 1N hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL(×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, 5 mL (×2) ofan aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing andconcentration under reduced pressure, 2 mL of IPE was added, crystalswere loosened, filtered, and washed with 1 mL (×2) of IPE. Afterwashing, vacuum drying (4° C.) to a constant weight afforded 0.73 g ofn-propyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 89%, enantiomer excessive rate 96.0% ee).

¹H HMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 0.66 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.28-1.39 (2H, m), 2.84 (3H,d, J=4.4 Hz), 3.33 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 3.79 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 5.99 (1H,brs), 6.88 (1H, s), 7.05-7.08 (6H, m), 7.83-7.43 (9H, m), 7.70-7.73 (1H,m), 7.87-7.96 (3H, m), 8.01 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, s), 8.56 (1H, d, J=4.6Hz).

Example 59 Preparation of Solution of tert-Butyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 20 mL of THF and 0.5 mL (3.9 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 5.2 g (0.08 gram atoms) of zincpowders. The mixture was stirred at 23˜25° C. for 20 minutes. A solutionof 5.9 mL (0.04 mol) of tert-butyl bromoacetate in 50 mL of THF wasadded dropwise at 24˜42° C. The mixture was stirred at 42˜45° C. for 20minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., to obtain 76 mL of an about0.52 M solution of tert-butyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 60 Preparation of tert-butyl3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 8.5 mL (4.43 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) of thesolution of tert-butyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 59 was added dropwise to a solution of 1 g (2.96 mmol) of1-trityl-1H-imidazol-5-carbaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 5˜9° C. Themixture was stirred at 2˜5° C. for 3 hours and 30 minutes. 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed bydilution with 15 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated.The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure, theresidue was loosened with 7 mL of IPO, filtered and washed with 7 mL ofIPE. After washing, vacuum drying (40° C.) to a constant weight afforded1.15 g of the desired product (yield 86%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.42 (9H, s), 2.70-2.85 (2H, m), 3.52 (1H, d, J=4.8Hz), 5.03-5.09 (1H, m),. 6.79 (1H, s), 7.09-7.15 (6H, m), 7.30-7.38(10H, m).

Example 61 Preparation of solution of 2-bromozinc-γ-butyrolactone intetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 40 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 1 mL (0.96 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 10.45 g (0.16 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred at 23˜25° C. for 20 minutes. Asolution of 7.4 mL (0.08 mol) of 2-bromo-γ-butyrolactone in 100 mL oftetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 24˜35° C. The mixture was stirredat 28˜35° C. for 20 minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., toobtain 148 mL of an about 0.539 M solution of2-buromozinc-γ-butyrolactone in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 62 Preparation of3-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one

Under argon atmosphere, 39.7 mL (4.43 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) of thesolution of 2-bromozinc-γ-butyrolactone in tetrahydrofuran obtained inExample 61 was added dropwise to a solution of 1.25 mL (10.7 mmol) ofacetophenone in 10 mL of THF at 6˜8° C. The mixture was stirred at 4˜6°C. for 4 hours. 15 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20°C. or lower, followed by dilution with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, thelayers were separated. The organic layer was washed successively with 10mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 10 mL of water, 20 ml, 15 mL and 10 mL of anaqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 10 mL (×2) of anaqueous saturated sodium chloride solution. After washing, the organiclayer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentrationunder reduced pressure, purification with silica gel column (developingsolvent; ethyl acetate/n-hexane=1/3, 1/2, 1/1) afforded 1.88 g of thedesired product (NMR yield 62.5%; internal standard dioxane). 0.92 g ofthe desired product was obtained as crystals (yield 42%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.38 (3H, s), 1.97-2.13 (2H, m), 2.96-3.04 (2H, m),4.05-4.19 (2H, m), 7.24-7.44 (5H, m).

Example 63 Preparation of Solution of (−)-Menthyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 0.5 mL (0.48 mmol)of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 5.23 g (0.08 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 20 minutes. 50 mL ofa solution of 11.09 g (0.04 mol) of (−)-menthyl bromoacetate intetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 22˜35° C. The mixture was stirredat 25˜33° C. for 30 minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., toobtain 80 mL of an about 0.491 M solution of (−)-menthylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran.

Example 64 Preparation of (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl3-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoate

20.4 mL (20 mmol, 2 equivalents) of the solution of (−)-menthylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran obtained in Example 63 was addeddropwise to a solution of 0.58 mL (5 mmol) of acetophenone in 3 mL ofTHF at 5˜7° C. The mixture was stirred at 3˜7° C. for 4 hours. 10 mL of1H hydrochloric acid was added at 20° C. or lower, followed by dilutionwith 20 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated. Theorganic layer was washed successively with 5 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid,5 mL of water, 10 mL and 5 mL of an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution. After washing, the organic layer was dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After concentration under reduced pressure,purification with silica gel column (developing solvent; ethylacetate/n-hexane=1/5, 1/3) afforded 1.69 g of the desired product (NMRyield 92%; internal standard dioxane). Recrystallization with n-hexaneafforded 0.74 g of the desired product (yield 47%).

¹H HMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.67-0.96 (10H, m), 1.34-1.86 (9H, m), 2.87 (2H, dd,J=61.9, 15.6 Hz), 4.53-4.65 (2H, m), 7.21-7.33 (3H, m), 7.43-7.45 (2H,m).

Example 65 Preparation of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate inCyclopentyl Methyl Ether

Under argon atmosphere, 38 mL of cyclopentyl methyl ether and 1.9 mL (15mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 19.6 g (0.3 gram atoms) ofzinc powders, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. A solution of16.6 mL (0.15 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 94 mL of cyclopentyl methylether was added dropwise at 30˜40° C. for 40 minutes. The mixture wasstirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. This was allowed to cool25° C., to obtain 150 mL of an about 1.0 M solution of ethylbromozincacetate in cyclopentyl methyl ether.

Example 66 Preparation of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

75.0 mL (75.0 mmol) of the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate incyclopentyl methyl ether obtained in Example 65 was added dropwise to100 mL of THF at −15˜−5° C. 11.0 g (37.5 mmol) of cinchonine was addedat −15˜−5° C., 9.7 mL (120 mmol) of pyridine was added dropwise, and themixture was stirred for 20 minutes. 15.6 g (30.0 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide was addedat once by assisting by 25 mL of flowing THF at −15˜−5° C., and themixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. 30.0 mL (30.0mmol) of the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in cyclopentyl methylether obtained in Example 65 was added dropwise at −15˜−5° C. over 40minutes, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour.420 mL of ethyl acetate and 210 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid were added inthis order at −15˜10° C., and the mixture was stirred at 15˜25° C. for30 minutes. The organic layer was washed with 210 mL of 1N hydrochloricacid, and further 210 mL (×3) of water, 210 mL (×2) of an aqueoussaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 210 mL of water. Afterwashing, the organic layer was concentrated to about 50 mL under heatingand reduced pressure (inner temperature 20˜40° C.). 50 mL of ethylacetate was added, followed by re-concentration procedure two times. 50mL of ethyl acetate was added to the residue, the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour, 50 mL of IPE was added, and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature. After stirred at 0˜10° C. for 1 hour,crystals were filtered, washed with 16 mL (×2) of IPE, and dried toobtain 17.0 g of ethyl(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate(yield 93%, enantiomer excess 94.3% ee).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 44.

Example 67 Preparation of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in2-Methyltetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 40 mL of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1 mL (0.96mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 10.45 g (0.16 gram atoms)of zinc powders, and the mixture was stirred at 23˜25° C. for 20minutes. A solution of 8.85 mL (0.08 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 100mL of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 24˜35° C. Themixture was stirred at 27˜35° C. for 20 minutes. This was allowed tocool to 25° C., to obtain 150 mL of an about 0.535 M solution of ethylbromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Example 68 Preparation of ethyl3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate

Under argon atmosphere, 8.3 mL (4.43 mmol, 1.5 equivalent) of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran obtainedin Example 67 was added dropwise to a solution of 1 g (2.96 mmol) of1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-carbaldehyde in 10 mL of THF at 5˜8° C. Themixture was stirred at 3˜6° C. for 2 hours and 20 minutes. The mixturewas stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour and 15 minutes. 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed bydilution with 15 mL of ethyl acetate. Then, the layers were separated.The organic layer was washed successively with 5 mL (×2) of 1Nhydrochloric acid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturatedsodium chloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration under reducedpressure, recrystallization with 5 mL of IPE afforded 1.04 g of thedesired product (yield 83%).

¹H HMR was consistent with the compound obtained in Example 46.

Example 69 Preparation of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in DME

Under argon atmosphere, 30 mL of DME and 0.41 mL (3.20 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 4.18 g (0.064 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. A solution of 3.54mL (32.0 mmol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 26 mL of DME was added dropwiseat 30˜40° C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., to obtain 60 mL of an about0.533 M solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DME.

Example 70 Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction using Solution of EthylBromozincacetate in DME

Under argon atmosphere, 2.34 mL (1.25 mmol) of the solution of ethylbromozincacetate in DME obtained in Example 69 was added dropwise to 2.0mL of THF at 0˜5° C. 184 mg (0.625 mmol) of cinchonine was added at 0˜5°C., 162 μL (2.00 mmol) of pyridine was added dropwise, and the mixturewas stirred for 20 minutes. 261 mg (0.500 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide was addedat once at 0˜5° C., and the mixture was stirred at the same temperaturefor 1 hour. 0.938 mL (0.500 mmol) of the solution of ethylbromozincacetate in DME obtained in Example 69 was added dropwise at0˜5° C., the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour, andthis was analyzed by HPLC (reaction yield>99%, enantiomer excess 91.0%ee).

Example 71 Stability of ethyl bromozinacetate.THF binuclear complexcrystal ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂)

Under argon atmosphere, 100 mL of THF and 2.5 mL (19.7 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 26.1 g (0.4 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 30 minutes. Asolution of 22.2 mL (0.2 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 250 mL of THF wasadded dropwise at 20˜35° C. The mixture was stirred at 20˜35° C. for 1hour, and allowed to cool to 25° C. Under nitrogen atmosphere, zinc wasremoved by filtration, followed by washing with 50 mL of THF. Thefiltrate was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and at 0˜5° C.for 1 hour (precipitation of crystals). The mixture was stored in arefrigerator overnight. Under nitrogen atmosphere, crystals werefiltered, press-filtered with nitrogen, and dried until completion ofremoval of a liquid, to obtain 35.3 g of ethyl bromozincacetate.THFbinuclear complex crystals.

The resulting ethyl bromozinacetate.THF binuclear complex crystals((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) were stored in a refrigerator at 0˜5° C. and20˜25° C.

Immediately after, and 30 days, 60 days and 180 days after preparationof ethyl bromozinacetate.THF binuclear complexcrystals((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂), ¹H HMR measurements for the crystals wereperformed, and stability was assessed by a ratio of ethylbromozincacetate.THF binuclear complex crystals and ethyl acetateproduced by degradation (Table 4). TABLE 4 Stability for Crystal ofEthyl Bromozincacetate.THF Binuclear Complex ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂)Storing Storing ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂/ Temperature Period Ethyl Acetate(° C.) (day) (%) 20˜25 0 89 30 73 0˜5 0 89 30 89 60 87 180 93

As seen from Table 4, when the ethyl bromozincacetate.THF binuclearcomplex crystals ((BrZnCH₂COOEt.THF)₂) prepared by the present methodare stored at 0˜5° C. under inert gas atmosphere, remarkable degradationwas not observed even after 6 months.

Example 72 Stability of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 80 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 2.0 mL (16 mmol) ofchlorotrimethyl silane were added to 20.9 g (0.33 gram atoms) of zincpowders, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes.A solution of 17.7 mL (0.16 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 200 mL oftetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 25˜35° C. The mixture was stirredat 25˜35° C. for 30 minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C. toobtain 300 mL of an about 0.535 M solution of ethyl bromozincacetate intetrahydrofuran.

The resulting solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran wasstored in an inert gas in sealed state, reacted withN,N-diisopropyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide,and a reaction rate into ethyl3-{6-[(diisopropylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas measured. The procedure was as follows: 1.55 g (2.55 mmol) ofN,N-diisopropyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamidewas dissolved in 9 mL of THF, 5 mL (2.55 mmol) of a solution of ethylbromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at −42° C., themixture was stirred at −48˜−42° C. until completion of the reaction, andstability was assessed by HPLC analysis (Table 5). A reaction rate wascalculated from an area percentage of HPLC.

Immediately after, and 30 days and 60 days after preparation of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran, this reaction wasperformed.

The solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in tetrahydrofuran was stored inthe refrigerator at 0˜5° C. and 20˜25° C. under nitrogen atmosphere.

TABLE 5 Stability for Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate inTetrahydrofuran Storing Storing Temperature Period Reaction Rate (° C.)(day) (%) 20˜25 0 83 30 17 60 0 0˜5 0 83 30 76 60 76HPLC Analysis Conditions

-   -   Column: L-column    -   Mobile phase: 0.05 M KH₂PO₄ aqueous solution:acetonitrile=30:70    -   Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min.    -   Detection: UV (254 nm)

As seen from Table 5, when the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in THFprepared by the present method is stored at 0˜5° C. under inert gasatmosphere, the solution exhibits a high reaction rate (76%) even after2 months, and remarkable degradation was not observed.

Example 73 Stability of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate inCyclopentyl Methyl Ether

Under argon atmosphere, 40 mL of cyclopentyl methyl ether and 0.51 mL (4mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 5.23 g (0.08 gram atoms) ofzinc powders, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. A solution of4.42 mL (35 mmol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 35 mL of cyclopentyl methylether was added dropwise at 30˜40° C. The mixture was stirred at thesame temperature for 30 minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., toobtain 80 mL of an about 0.5 M solution of ethyl bromozincacetate incyclopentyl methyl ether. The resulting solution of ethylbromozincacetate in cyclopentyl methyl ether was stored in an inert gasin sealed state, reacted withN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide, and areaction rate into ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas measured. The procedure was as follows: 261 mg (0.5 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide wasdissolved in 5 mL of THF, 1 mL (0.5 mmol) of a solution of ethylbromozincacetate in cylopentyl methyl ether was added dropwise at 0˜5°C., the mixture was stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour and stability wasassessed by HPLC analysis (Table 6). A reaction rate was calculated froman area percentage of HPLC.

Immediately after, and 7 days and 30 days after preparation of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in cyclopentyl methyl ether, thisreaction was performed. The solution of ethyl bromozincacetate incyclopentyl methyl ether was stored in a refrigerator at 0˜5° C. and20˜25° C. under nitrogen atmosphere.

TABLE 6 Stability for Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in CyclopentylMethyl Ether Storing Storing Temperature Period Reaction Rate (° C.)(day) (%) 20˜25 0 94 7 87 30 18 0˜5 0 94 7 94 30 89HPLC Analysis Conditions

-   -   Column: Chiralcel OD-RH    -   Mobile phase: 0.05 M potassium hexafluorophosphate aqueous        solution:acetonitrile=55:45    -   Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min.    -   Detection: UV (254 nm)

As seen from Table 6, when the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate incyclopentyl methyl ether prepared by the present method is stored at0˜5° C. under inert gas atmosphere, the solution exhibited a highreaction rate (89%) even after one month.

Example 74 Stability of Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in DME

Under argon atmosphere, 30 mL of DME and 0.41 mL (3.20 mmol) ofchlorotrimethylsilane were added to 4.18 g (0.064 gram atoms) of zincpowders and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. A solution of 3.54mL (32.0 mmol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 26 mL of DME was added dropwiseat 30˜40° C. over 40 minutes. The mixture was stirred at the sametemperature for 30 minutes. This was allowed to cool to 25° C., toobtain an about 0.533 M solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DME. Thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DME was stored in an inert gas insealed state, reacted withN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide, and areaction rate into ethyl3-hydroxy-3-{6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-2-naphthyl}-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoatewas measured. The procedure was as follows: 261 mg (0.5 mmol) ofN-methyl-6-[(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-2-naphthamide wasdissolved in 5 mL of THF, 0.938 mL (0.5 mmol) of a solution of ethylbromozincacetate in DME was added dropwise at 0˜5° C., the mixture wasstirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour, and stability was assessed by HPLCanalysis (Table 7). A reaction rate was calculated from an areapercentage of HPLC.

Immediately after, and 10 days and 30 days after preparation of thesolution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DME, this reaction was performed.

The solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DME was stored in arefrigerator at 0˜5° C. and 20˜25° C. under nitrogen atmosphere.

TABLE 7 Stability for Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in DME StoringStoring Temperature Period Reaction Rate (° C.) (day) (%) 20˜25 0 90 1055 30 0 0˜5 0 90 10 84 30 68HPLC Analysis Conditions

-   -   Column: Chiracel OD-RH    -   Mobile phase: 0.05 M potassium hexafluorophosphate aqueous        solution:acetonitrile=55:45    -   Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min.    -   Detection: UV (254 nm)

As seen from Table 7, when the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in DMEprepared by the present method is stored at 0˜5° C. under inert gasatmosphere, the solution exhibited a high reaction rate (84%) even after10 days.

Example 75 Stability of solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in2-methyltetrahydrofuran

Under argon atmosphere, 40 mL of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1 mL (0.96mmol) of chlorotrimethylsilane were added to 10.45 g (0.16 gram atoms)of zinc powders, and the mixture was stirred at 23 to 25° C. for 20minutes. A solution of 8.85 mL (0.08 mol) of ethyl bromoacetate in 100mL of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 24˜35° C. Themixture was stirred at 27˜35° C. for 20 minutes. This was allowed tocool to 25° C., to obtain 150 mL of an about 0.5M solution of ethylbromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The resulting solution ofethyl bromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran was stored in an inertgas in sealed state, reacted with 1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-carbaldehyde,ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate was isolated,and a remaining amount of ethyl bromozincacetate was obtained. Theprocedure was as follows: 1 g (2.96 mmol) of1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-carbaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of THF, 8.3mL (4.34 mmol) of a solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in2-methyltetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 0˜5° C., and the mixturewas stirred at 20˜25° C. for 1 hour and 15 minutes. 10 mL of 1Nhydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 20° C. or lower, followed bydilution with 15 mL of ethyl acetate. The layers were separated. Theorganic layer was washed successively with 5 mL (×2) of 1N hydrochloricacid, 5 mL of water, 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution, and 5 mL (×2) of an aqueous saturated sodiumchloride solution. After washing, the organic layer was dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration under reduced pressure,recrystallization with 5 mL of IPE afforded the desired product, andstability was assessed (Table 8).

Immediately after, and 30 days after preparation of the solution ofethyl bromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, this reaction wasperformed.

The solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran wasstored in a refrigerator at 0˜5° C. under nitrogen atmosphere.

TABLE 8 Stability for Solution of Ethyl Bromozincacetate in2-Methyltetrahydrofuran Storing Storing Temperature Period IsolationYield (° C.) (day) (%) 0˜5 0 83 30 80

As seen from Table 8, when the solution of ethyl bromozincacetate in2-methyltetrahydrofuran prepared by the present method is stored at 0˜5°C. under inert gas atmosphere, the solution exhibited high reactivity(80%) even after one month.

Industrial Applicability

As described above, according to the present invention, the steroidC_(17,20) lyase inhibitor represented by the general formula(I) and anintermediate for preparing the same can be obtained by an industrialadvantageous method, being very useful.

Further, the present invention can provide a Reformatsky reagent in avery stable form.

That is, the present invention provides a crystal of a Reformatskyreagent coordinated with THF ((BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅.THF)₂). The Reformatskyreagent in this crystal form can be used as a reagent for at least 6months without substantial manufacturing problem, by storing at a lowtemperature such as 0˜5° C.

Also, the present invention provides a solution of a Reformatskyreagent. (BrZnCH₂COOC₂H₅) in THF, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentylmethyl ether. The Reformatsky reagent in this solution form can be usedas a reagent for at least 1 month without substantial manufacturingproblem, by storing at a low temperature of around 0˜5° C.

1. A process for producing a compound represented by the general formula(II′):

wherein R is an ester residue, R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, Y is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, a ring B is anitrogen-containing ring which may have a substituent, n is an integerof 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprises reducing a compoundrepresented by the general formula (III′):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof.
 2. A process forproducing a compound represented by the general formula (II):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ra is a hydrogen atom or a substituent,Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, Y1 andY2 are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, a ring B is a nitrogen-containing ring which may have asubstituent, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, whichcomprises reducing in the presence of a metal hydride complex and ametal halide compound a compound represented by the general formula(III):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof.
 3. A process forproducing a compound represented by the general formula (I):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ra is a hydrogen atom or a substituent,Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, Y1 andY2 are, the same or different and independently, a hydrogen atom or asubstituent, a ring B is a nitrogen-containing ring which may have asubstituent, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, whichcomprises obtaining a compound represented by the general formula (II):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (III):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (II) to aring-closing reaction.
 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein thering B is a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent and one tothree heteroatoms arbitrarily selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfuratom and an oxygen atom other than the nitrogen atom indicated in theformula.
 5. A process for producing a compound represented by thegeneral formula (IIa):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, Y1 and Y2 are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Rb is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula (IIIa):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound.
 6. A process forproducing a compound represented by the general formula (Ia):

wherein R is an ester residue, Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group whichmay have a substituent, Y1 and Y2 are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Rb is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IIa):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIIa):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IIa) to aring-closing reaction.
 7. A process for producing a compound representedby the general formula (IIb):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y1 and Y2 are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Rb is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound represented by the general formula (IIIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound.
 8. A process forproducing a compound represented by the general formula (Ib):

wherein R is an ester residue, Y1 and Y2 are, the same or different andindependently, a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Rb is a protectiongroup, n is an integer of 1 to 3 or a salt thereof, which comprisesobtaining a compound represented by the general formula (IIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof by reducing acompound represented by the general formula (IIIb):

wherein each symbol is defined above or a salt thereof in the presenceof a metal hydride complex and a metal halide compound, and thensubjecting the compound represented by the general formula (IIb) to aring-closing reaction.
 9. The process according to claim 2, wherein themetal hydride complex is an alkali metal hydride complex.
 10. Theprocess according to claim 9, wherein the alkali metal hydride complexis sodium borohydride.
 11. The process according to claim 2, wherein themetal halide is a calcium halide.
 12. The process according to claim 11,wherein the calcium halide is calcium chloride.
 13. The processaccording to claim 1, wherein ether and alcohol are used as a solvent ina reduction reaction.
 14. The process according to claim 13, whichcomprises adding alcohol to a reaction system in ether as a solvent. 15.The process according to claim 13, wherein the ether is a cyclic etherand the alcohol is C1-6 alcohol.
 16. The process according to claim 15,wherein the cyclic ether is tetrahydrofuran and the C1-6 alcohol isethanol or methanol.
 17. A process for producing a primary alcohol,which comprises selectively reducing (i) an esterified carboxyl groupand (ii) an esterified carboxy group of a compound having anN-unsubstituted amido group or an N-monosubstituted amido group in anether-alcohol solvent in the presence of metal hydride complex and acalcium halide.
 18. The process according to claim 17, which comprisesadding alcohol to a reaction system in ether as a solvent.
 19. Theprocess according to claim 17, wherein the metal hydride complex is analkali metal hydride complex.
 20. The process according to claim 17,wherein the calcium halide is calcium chloride.
 21. The processaccording to claim 17, wherein the metal hydride complex is sodiumborohydride, the calcium halide is calcium chloride, the ether istetrahydrofuran and the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.
 22. A crystal ofethyl bromozincacetate to which tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordinates. 23.The crystal of the compound according to claim 22, which is representedby a formula (BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2.
 24. The crystal of the compoundaccording to claim 22, which has peaks at 2983, 2897, 1589, 1446, 1371,1286, 1070, 1022, 858 and 769 (cm−1) by IR.
 25. The crystal of thecompound according to claim 22, which has a structure determined by anX-ray crystallography:

wherein the bond length of Br(1)-Zn(2) is 2.334 Å, the bond length ofZn(2)-C(3) is 1.996 Å, the bond length of Zn(2)-O(5) is 2.029 Å, thebond length of Zn(2)-O(9) is 2.049 Å, the bond length of C(3)-C(4) is1.21 Å, the bond length of C(4)-O(5) is 1.47 Å, the bond length ofC(4)-O(6) is 1.33 Å, the bond length of O(6)-C(7) is 1.46 Å, the bondlength of C(7)-C(8) is 1.41 Å, the bond length of O(9)-C(10) is 1.42 Å,the bond length of C(9)-C(13) is 1.42 Å, the bond length of C(10)-C(11)is 1.49 Å, the bond length of C(11)-C(12) is 1.37 Å, and the bond lengthof C(12)-C(13) is 1.42 Å; and the bond angle of Br(1)-Zn(2)-C(3) is112.4°, the bond angle of Br(1)-Zn(2)-O(5) is 122.5°, the bond angle ofBr(1)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 105.0°, the bond angle of C(3)-Zn(2)-O(5) is 109.9°,the bond angle of C(3)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 91.3°, the bond angle ofO(5)-Zn(2)-O(9) is 111.2°, the bond angle of Zn(2)-C(3)-C(4) is 129.6°,the bond angle C(3)-C(4)-O(5) is 125°, the bond angle of C(3)-C(4)-O(6)is 120.6°, the bond angle of O(5)-C(4)-O(6) is 113°, the bond angle ofZn(2)-O(5)-C(4) is 108.1°, the bond angle of C(4)-O(6)-C(7) is 116°, thebond angle of O(6)-C(7)-C(8) is 111°, the bond angle of Zn(2)-O(9)-C(10)is 122.6°, the bond angle of Zn(2)-O(9)-C(13) is 122.8°, the bond angleof C(10)-O(9)-C(13) is 109.7°, the bond angle of O(9)-C(10)-C(11) is104°, the bond angle of C(10)-C(11)-C(12) is 108°, the bond angle ofC(11)-C(12)-C(13) is 109°, and the bond angle of O(9)-C(13)-C(12) is106°.
 26. A process for producing a crystal of a compound represented bya formula (BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2, which comprises reacting a compoundrepresented by a formula BrZnCH2COOC2H5 and tetrahydrofuran (THF). 27.The process according to claim 26, which comprises dissolving a compoundrepresented by a formula BrZnCH2COOC2H5 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), andforming a crystal of the compound represented by a formula(BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2.
 28. The process according to claim 26, whichcomprises dissolving a compound represented by a formula BrZnCH2COOC2H5in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether, addingtetrahydrofuran (THF) to the resulting solution, and forming a crystalof the compound represented by a formula (BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2.
 29. Theprocess according to claim 26, which comprises reacting the compoundrepresented by a formula BrCH2COOC2H5 and an excess amount of zincrelative to the compound represented by a formula BrCH2COOC2H5 in asolvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane and cyclopentyl methyl ether or a mixed solvent inany combination of two or more of them in the presence of an activatingagent, adding THF to the resulting solution, and forming a crystal ofthe compound represented by a formula (BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2.
 30. Acrystal of a compound obtained by the process according to claim
 26. 31.A process for producing a compound represented by the general formula(V):

wherein X1 is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and R11 and R12 are, thesame or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, an aliphatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbongroup which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may havea substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 is an ester residue; or R11 is a hydrogen atom, analiphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic groupwhich may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which mayhave a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 and R12, taken together with the atom to which theyare bonded, form a lactone ring which may have a substituent, whichcomprises reacting a compound represented by the general formula (IV):

wherein X1, R10, R11 and R12 are the same as defined above with zinc ina solvent selected from a group consisting of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,1,2-dimethoxyethane, cyclopentyl methyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, or ina mixed solvent in any combination of two or more of them in thepresence of an activating agent, wherein zinc exists in an excess amountrelative to the compound represented by the general formula (IV). 32.The process according to claim 31, wherein zinc exists in an amount morethan 1 gram atom and 50 gram atoms or less relative to one mole amountof the compound represented by the general formula (IV).
 33. The processaccording to claim 31, wherein R10 is a methyl group or an ethyl group.34. The process according to claim 31, wherein the solvent iscyclopentyl methyl ether.
 35. The process according to claim 31, whereinthe solvent is tetarahydrofuran.
 36. The process according to claim 31,wherein the activating agent is selected from halogen, copper halide,silver halide, 1,2-dihalogenethane, halogen alkylsilane and molecularsieves, wherein halogen is chloride, bromide or iodide.
 37. The processaccording to claim 36, wherein the activating agent is halogenalkylsilane.
 38. The process according to claim 37, wherein theactivating agent is chlorotrimethylsilane.
 39. A solution of a compoundrepresented by the general formula (V):

wherein X1 is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and R11 and R12 are, thesame or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, an aliphatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbongroup which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may havea substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 is an ester residue; or R11 is a hydrogen atom, analiphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic groupwhich may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which mayhave a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 and R12, taken together with the atom to which theyare bonded, form a lactone ring which may have a substituent, in1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether.
 40. A solution of ethylbromozincacetate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether. 41.A process for stabilizing a compound represented by the general formula(V):

wherein X1 is a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and R11 and R12 are, thesame or different and independently, a hydrogen atom, an aliphatichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclic hydrocarbongroup which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may havea substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have asubstituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 is an ester residue; or R11 is a hydrogen atom, analiphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alicyclichydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic groupwhich may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which mayhave a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have asubstituent, and R10 and R12, taken together with the atom to which theyare bonded, form a lactone ring which may have a substituent, by using1,2-dimethoxyethane or cyclopentyl methyl ether.
 42. Use of a crystal ofthe compound according to claim 22 in a step of producing a compound bya Reformatsky reaction.
 43. The process according to claim 2, whereinthe ring B is a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent and oneto three heteroatoms arbitrarily selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfuratom and an oxygen atom other than the nitrogen atom indicated in theformula.
 44. The process according to claim 3, wherein the ring B is aheterocyclic ring which may have a substituent and one to threeheteroatoms arbitrarily selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom andan oxygen atom other than the nitrogen atom indicated in the formula.45. The process according to claim 2, wherein ether and alcohol are usedas a solvent in a reduction reaction.
 46. The process according to claim45, which comprises adding alcohol to a reaction system in ether as asolvent.
 47. The process according to claim 14, wherein the ether is acyclic ether and the alcohol is C1-6 alcohol.
 48. The process accordingto claim 45, wherein the ether is a cyclic ether and the alcohol is C1-6alcohol.
 49. The process according to claim 46, wherein the ether is acyclic ether and the alcohol is C1-6 alcohol.